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Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise as a writing aid for professionals performing legal analyses. However, LLMs can often hallucinate in this setting, in ways difficult to recognize by non-professionals and existing text evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Abe Bohan Hou , William Jurayj , Nils Holzenberger , Andrew Blair-Stanek , Benjamin Van Durme

Empowered by large language models (LLMs), intelligent agents have become a popular paradigm for interacting with open environments to facilitate AI deployment. However, hallucinations generated by LLMs-where outputs are inconsistent with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Siyuan Liu , Wenjing Liu , Zhiwei Xu , Xin Wang , Bo Chen , Tao Li

As LLM-powered chatbots are increasingly deployed in mental health services, detecting hallucinations and omissions has become critical for user safety. However, state-of-the-art LLM-as-a-judge methods often fail in high-risk healthcare…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Khizar Hussain , Bradley A. Malin , Zhijun Yin , Susannah Leigh Rose , Murat Kantarcioglu

Hallucinations pose a significant challenge for large language models when answering knowledge-intensive queries. As LLMs become more widely adopted, it is crucial not only to detect if hallucinations occur but also to pinpoint exactly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Sicong Huang , Jincheng He , Shiyuan Huang , Karthik Raja Anandan , Arkajyoti Chakraborty , Ian Lane

Large language models (LLMs) can generate executable code from natural language descriptions, but the resulting programs frequently contain bugs due to hallucinations. In the absence of formal specifications, existing approaches attempt to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yihan Dai , Sijie Liang , Haotian Xu , Peichu Xie , Sergey Mechtaev

Large language models (LLMs) frequently hallucinate on abstractive summarization tasks such as document-based question-answering, meeting summarization, and clinical report generation, even though all necessary information is included in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Erik Jones , Hamid Palangi , Clarisse Simões , Varun Chandrasekaran , Subhabrata Mukherjee , Arindam Mitra , Ahmed Awadallah , Ece Kamar

Recently, extensive research on the hallucination of the large language models (LLMs) has mainly focused on the English language. Despite the growing number of multilingual and Arabic-specific LLMs, evaluating LLMs' hallucination in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Aisha Alansari , Hamzah Luqman

With the large-scale adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in various applications, there is a growing reliability concern due to their tendency to generate inaccurate text, i.e. hallucinations. In this work, we propose Cross-Layer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Malavika Suresh , Rahaf Aljundi , Ikechukwu Nkisi-Orji , Nirmalie Wiratunga

Large language models (LLMs) have garnered significant interest in AI community. Despite their impressive generation capabilities, they have been found to produce misleading or fabricated information, a phenomenon known as hallucinations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Wenyun Li , Zheng Zhang , Dongmei Jiang , Xiangyuan Lan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed the Natural Language Processing (NLP) landscape with their remarkable ability to understand and generate human-like text. However, these models are prone to ``hallucinations'' -- outputs that do…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become powerful, but hallucinations remain a vital obstacle to their trustworthy use. Previous works improved the capability of hallucination detection by measuring uncertainty. But they can not explain the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yiming Huang , Junyan Zhang , Zihao Wang , Biquan Bie , Yunzhong Qiu , Xuming Hu , Yi R. Fung , Xinlei He

LLMs often adopt an assertive language style also when making false claims. Such ``overconfident hallucinations'' mislead users and erode trust. Achieving the ability to express in language the actual degree of uncertainty around a claim is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Ziwei Ji , Lei Yu , Yeskendir Koishekenov , Yejin Bang , Anthony Hartshorn , Alan Schelten , Cheng Zhang , Pascale Fung , Nicola Cancedda

Hallucinations pose a significant challenge to the reliability of large vision-language models, making their detection essential for ensuring accuracy in critical applications. Current detection methods often rely on computationally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Eunkyu Park , Minyeong Kim , Gunhee Kim

Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate hallucinations-content that deviates from factual accuracy or provided context-posing challenges for diagnosis due to the complex interplay of underlying causes. This paper introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Yiyou Sun , Yu Gai , Lijie Chen , Abhilasha Ravichander , Yejin Choi , Dawn Song

Large language models (LLMs) offer transformative potential for clinical decision support in spine surgery but pose significant risks through hallucinations, which are factually inconsistent or contextually misaligned outputs that may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Dong Chen , Yanzhe Wei , Zonglin He , Guan-Ming Kuang , Canhua Ye , Meiru An , Huili Peng , Yong Hu , Huiren Tao , Kenneth MC Cheung

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have achieved impressive progress in visual perception and reasoning. However, when confronted with visually ambiguous or non-semantic scene text, they often struggle to accurately spot and understand the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yan Shu , Hangui Lin , Yexin Liu , Yan Zhang , Gangyan Zeng , Yan Li , Yu Zhou , Ser-Nam Lim , Harry Yang , Nicu Sebe

Contemporary Language Models (LMs), while impressively fluent, often generate content that is factually incorrect or unfaithful to the input context - a critical issue commonly referred to as 'hallucination'. This tendency of LMs to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Anwoy Chatterjee , Yash Goel , Tanmoy Chakraborty

In this paper, we present our team's submissions for SemEval-2024 Task-6 - SHROOM, a Shared-task on Hallucinations and Related Observable Overgeneration Mistakes. The participants were asked to perform binary classification to identify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Natalia Grigoriadou , Maria Lymperaiou , Giorgos Filandrianos , Giorgos Stamou

Hallucination plagues even frontier LLMs--but how bad is it really for summarizing academic papers? We evaluate Factored Verification, a simple automated method for detecting hallucinations in abstractive summaries. This method sets a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Charlie George , Andreas Stuhlmüller

Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs), plausible but factually inaccurate text, are often viewed as undesirable. However, recent work suggests that such outputs may hold creative potential. In this paper, we investigate whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Shuzhou Yuan , Zhan Qu , Ashish Yashwanth Kangen , Michael Färber