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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse tasks by encoding vast amounts of factual knowledge. However, they are still prone to hallucinations, generating incorrect or misleading information, often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Xiaomin Li , Zhou Yu , Ziji Zhang , Yingying Zhuang , Swair Shah , Narayanan Sadagopan , Anurag Beniwal

Hallucinations are one of the major issues affecting LLMs, hindering their wide adoption in production systems. While current research solutions for detecting hallucinations are mainly based on heuristics, in this paper we introduce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Emanuele Ricco , Lorenzo Cima , Roberto Di Pietro

Despite the outstanding performance of large language models (LLMs) across various NLP tasks, hallucinations in LLMs--where LLMs generate inaccurate responses--remains as a critical problem as it can be directly connected to a crisis of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Minsuh Joo , Hyunsoo Cho

Large language models (LLMs) are highly capable but face latency challenges in real-time applications, such as conducting online hallucination detection. To overcome this issue, we propose a novel framework that leverages a small language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Mengya Hu , Rui Xu , Deren Lei , Yaxi Li , Mingyu Wang , Emily Ching , Eslam Kamal , Alex Deng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have succeeded in a variety of natural language processing tasks [Zha+25]. However, they have notable limitations. LLMs tend to generate hallucinations, a seemingly plausible yet factually unsupported output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Martin Preiß

To mitigate the impact of hallucination nature of LLMs, many studies propose detecting hallucinated generation through uncertainty estimation. However, these approaches predominantly operate at the sentence or paragraph level, failing to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Min-Hsuan Yeh , Max Kamachee , Seongheon Park , Yixuan Li

Large language models (LLMs) frequently hallucinate and produce factual errors, yet our understanding of why they make these errors remains limited. In this study, we delve into the underlying mechanisms of LLM hallucinations from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Shiqi Chen , Miao Xiong , Junteng Liu , Zhengxuan Wu , Teng Xiao , Siyang Gao , Junxian He

Reliable question answering with large language models (LLMs) is challenged by hallucinations, fluent but factually incorrect outputs arising from epistemic uncertainty. Existing entropy-based semantic-level uncertainty estimation methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Chaodong Tong , Qi Zhang , Lei Jiang , Yanbing Liu , Nannan Sun , Wei Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used to generate plausible text on online platforms, without revealing the generation process. As users increasingly encounter such black-box outputs, detecting hallucinations has become a critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Joosung Lee , Cheonbok Park , Hwiyeol Jo , Jeonghoon Kim , Joonsuk Park , Kang Min Yoo

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful foundational models to solve a variety of tasks, they have also been shown to be prone to hallucinations, i.e., generating responses that sound confident but are actually incorrect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jiawei Li , Akshayaa Magesh , Venugopal V. Veeravalli

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant popularity for their impressive performance across diverse fields. However, LLMs are prone to hallucinate untruthful or nonsensical outputs that fail to meet user expectations in many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Tianhang Zhang , Lin Qiu , Qipeng Guo , Cheng Deng , Yue Zhang , Zheng Zhang , Chenghu Zhou , Xinbing Wang , Luoyi Fu

Decoding methods for large language models (LLMs) usually struggle with the tradeoff between ensuring factuality and maintaining diversity. For example, a higher p threshold in the nucleus (top-p) sampling increases the diversity but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Haw-Shiuan Chang , Nanyun Peng , Mohit Bansal , Anil Ramakrishna , Tagyoung Chung

Recent advancements in massively multilingual machine translation systems have significantly enhanced translation accuracy; however, even the best performing systems still generate hallucinations, severely impacting user trust. Detecting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Kenza Benkirane , Laura Gongas , Shahar Pelles , Naomi Fuchs , Joshua Darmon , Pontus Stenetorp , David Ifeoluwa Adelani , Eduardo Sánchez

Large Language Models (LLMs) often generate factually incorrect outputs, commonly termed hallucinations, that undermine trust and limit deployment in high-stakes settings. Existing hallucination detection methods typically require multiple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Mattia J. Villani , Pranav Deshpande , Akshay Seshadri , Romina Yalovetzky , Niraj Kumar

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across diverse domains, yet they are prone to generating factually incorrect outputs - commonly known as "hallucinations." Among existing mitigation strategies, uncertainty-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Samir Abdaljalil , Hasan Kurban , Parichit Sharma , Erchin Serpedin , Rachad Atat

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful linguistic engines but remain susceptible to hallucinations: plausible-sounding outputs that are factually incorrect or unsupported. In this work, we present a mathematically grounded framework to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Moses Kiprono

Despite the many advances of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their unprecedented rapid evolution, their impact and integration into every facet of our daily lives is limited due to various reasons. One critical factor hindering their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Yakir Yehuda , Itzik Malkiel , Oren Barkan , Jonathan Weill , Royi Ronen , Noam Koenigstein

Identification of hallucination spans in black-box language model generated text is essential for applications in the real world. A recent attempt at this direction is SemEval-2025 Task 3, Mu-SHROOM-a Multilingual Shared Task on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Saketh Reddy Vemula , Parameswari Krishnamurthy

Since the introduction of ChatGPT, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant utility in various tasks, such as answering questions through retrieval-augmented generation. Context can be retrieved using a vectorized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ming Cheung

A frequently observed problem with LLMs is their tendency to generate output that is nonsensical, illogical, or factually incorrect, often referred to broadly as hallucination. Building on the recently proposed HalluciGen task for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Evangelia Gogoulou , Shorouq Zahra , Liane Guillou , Luise Dürlich , Joakim Nivre