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Krylov complexity is a novel measure of operator complexity that exhibits universal behavior and bounds a large class of other measures. In this letter, we generalize Krylov complexity from a closed system to an open system coupled to a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-08-11 Chang Liu , Haifeng Tang , Hui Zhai

We examine the effective field theory (EFT) of maximal chaos through the lens of Krylov complexity and the Universal Operator Growth Hypothesis. We test the relationship between two measures of quantum chaos: out-of-time-ordered correlators…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-16 Saskia Demulder , Maria Knysh , Andrew Rolph

The IP matrix model is a simple large $N$ quantum mechanical model made up of an adjoint harmonic oscillator plus a fundamental harmonic oscillator. It is a model introduced previously as a toy model of the gauge theory dual of an AdS black…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-06-09 Norihiro Iizuka , Mitsuhiro Nishida

We introduce and review a new complexity measure, called `Krylov complexity', which takes its origins in the field of quantum-chaotic dynamics, serving as a canonical measure of operator growth and spreading. Krylov complexity, underpinned…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-10 Eliezer Rabinovici , Adrián Sánchez-Garrido , Ruth Shir , Julian Sonner

We propose and test logarithmic Krylov (logK) complexity, an operator growth measure akin to Krylov complexity defined through a replica approach, as a viable probe of early-time operator scrambling without false positives. In…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-07 Hugo A. Camargo , Yichao Fu , Keun-Young Kim , Yeong Han Park

Continuing the previous initiatives arXiv: 2207.05347 and arXiv: 2212.06180, we pursue the exploration of operator growth and Krylov complexity in dissipative open quantum systems. In this paper, we resort to the bi-Lanczos algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-15 Aranya Bhattacharya , Pratik Nandy , Pingal Pratyush Nath , Himanshu Sahu

To understand typical dynamics of an open quantum system in continuous time, we introduce an ensemble of random Lindblad operators, which generate Markovian completely positive evolution in the space of density matrices. Spectral properties…

In an unnormalized Krylov subspace framework for solving symmetric systems of linear equations, the orthogonal vectors that are generated by a Lanczos process are not necessarily on the form of gradients. Associating each orthogonal vector…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-09-18 Anders Forsgren , Tove Odland

For systems of equations with an infinite set of roots, one can sometimes obtain Kushnirenko-Bernstein-Khovanskii type theorem if replace the number of roots by their asymptotic density. We consider systems of entire functions with…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2023-12-12 B. Kazarnovskii

The core of quantum tomography is the possibility of writing a generally unbounded complex operator in form of an expansion over operators that are generally nonlinear functions of a generally continuous set of spectral densities--the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 G. M. D'Ariano , M. F. Sacchi

We study the statistical properties of the spread complexity in the Krylov space of quantum systems driven across a quantum phase transition. Using the diabatic Magnus expansion, we map the evolution to an effective one-dimensional hopping…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 András Grabarits , Adolfo del Campo

For 1D quantum harmonic oscillator perturbed by a time quasi-periodic quadratic form of $(x,-{\rm i}\partial_x)$, we show its almost reducibility. The growth of Sobolev norms of solution is described based on the scheme of almost…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-01-17 Zhenguo Liang , Zhiyan Zhao , Qi Zhou

We provide a framework to determine the upper bound to the complexity of a computing a given observable with respect to a Hamiltonian. By considering the Heisenberg evolution of the observable, we show that each Hamiltonian defines an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-04 Igor Ermakov , Tim Byrnes , Oleg Lychkovskiy

We investigate many-body dynamics where the evolution is governed by unitary circuits through the lens of `Krylov complexity', a recently proposed measure of complexity and quantum chaos. We extend the formalism of Krylov complexity to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-30 Philippe Suchsland , Roderich Moessner , Pieter W. Claeys

This paper studies the locally uniform exponential growth and product set growth for a finitely generated group $G$ acting properly on a finite product of hyperbolic spaces. Under the assumption of coarsely dense orbits or shadowing…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-23 Renxing Wan , Wenyuan Yang

We present a framework for understanding the dynamics of operator size, and bounding the growth of out-of-time-ordered correlators, in models of large-$S$ spins. Focusing on the dynamics of a single spin, we show the finiteness of the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-07-15 Chao Yin , Andrew Lucas

It is proved recently by Benamara-Nikolski that a contraction having finite defects and spectrum not filling in the closed unit disc, is similar to a normal operator if and only if it has the so-called linear resolvent growth property. We…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Stanislav Kupin

This paper investigates the evolution of a multi-locus biological system. The evolution of such a system is described by a quadratic stochastic operator (QSO) defined on a simplex. We demonstrate that this QSO can be decomposed into an…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-10-01 B. A. Omirov , U. A. Rozikov

Scrambling of information in a quantum many-body system, quantified by the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC), is a key manifestation of quantum chaos. A regime of exponential growth in the OTOC, characterized by a Lyapunov exponent, has…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-03-24 Anna Keselman , Laimei Nie , Erez Berg

In this paper, we studied a set of generalised Krylov complexity for operator growth. We demonstrate their universal features at both initial times and long times using half-analytical technique as well as numerical results. In particular,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-12 Zhong-Ying Fan