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This paper surveys the development of large language model (LLM)-based agents for question answering (QA). Traditional agents face significant limitations, including substantial data requirements and difficulty in generalizing to new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Murong Yue

Dialogue-based language models mark a huge milestone in the field of artificial intelligence, by their impressive ability to interact with users, as well as a series of challenging tasks prompted by customized instructions. However, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Rui Hao , Linmei Hu , Weijian Qi , Qingliu Wu , Yirui Zhang , Liqiang Nie

Large language model (LLM) applications are evolving beyond simple chatbots into dynamic, general-purpose agentic programs, which scale LLM calls and output tokens to help AI agents reason, explore, and solve complex tasks. However,…

Online health resources and large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as a first point of contact for medical decision-making, yet their reliability in healthcare remains limited by low accuracy, lack of transparency, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yujia Liu , Sophia Yu , Hongyue Jin , Jessica Wen , Alexander Qian , Terrence Lee , Mattheus Ramsis , Gi Won Choi , Lianhui Qin , Xin Liu , Edward J. Wang

LLM-based Interactive Drama introduces a novel dialogue scenario in which the player immerses into a character and engages in a dramatic story by interacting with LLM agents. Despite the fact that this emerging area holds significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Tianyang Xu , Hongqiu Wu , Weiqi Wu , Hai Zhao

Recent advances in generative AI, such as ChatGPT, have transformed access to information in education, knowledge-seeking, and everyday decision-making. However, in many developing regions, access remains a challenge due to the persistent…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Hiba Eltigani , Rukhshan Haroon , Asli Kocak , Abdullah Bin Faisal , Noah Martin , Fahad Dogar

Recent advances in artificial intelligence have created new possibilities for making education more scalable, adaptive, and learner-centered. However, existing educational chatbot systems often lack contextual adaptability, real-time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Mohamed El Hajji , Tarek Ait Baha , Aicha Dakir , Hammou Fadili , Youssef Es-Saady

The growing ubiquity of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems in several real-world services triggers severe concerns about their security. A RAG system improves the generative capabilities of a Large Language Models (LLM) by a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Christian Di Maio , Cristian Cosci , Marco Maggini , Valentina Poggioni , Stefano Melacci

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) demonstrates remarkable performance across tasks in open-domain question-answering. However, traditional search engines may retrieve shallow content, limiting the ability of LLMs to handle complex,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Jialong Wu , Wenbiao Yin , Yong Jiang , Zhenglin Wang , Zekun Xi , Runnan Fang , Linhai Zhang , Yulan He , Deyu Zhou , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized various industries by harnessing their power to improve productivity and facilitate learning across different fields. One intriguing application involves combining LLMs with visual models to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Hussam Azzuni , Sharim Jamal , Abdulmotaleb Elsaddik

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly transformed the landscape of artificial intelligence by demonstrating their ability in generating human-like text across diverse topics. However, despite their impressive capabilities, LLMs…

The integration of emotional support into various conversational scenarios presents profound societal benefits, such as social interactions, mental health counseling, and customer service. However, there are unsolved challenges that hinder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Zhonghua Zheng , Lizi Liao , Yang Deng , Liqiang Nie

This work presents Retail-GPT, an open-source RAG-based chatbot designed to enhance user engagement in retail e-commerce by guiding users through product recommendations and assisting with cart operations. The system is cross-platform and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Bruno Amaral Teixeira de Freitas , Roberto de Alencar Lotufo

Optimization is as much about modeling the right problem as solving it. Identifying the right objectives, constraints, and trade-offs demands extensive interaction between researchers and stakeholders. Large language models can empower…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Joshua Drossman , Alexandre Jacquillat , Sébastien Martin

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized web applications, enabling intelligent search, recommendation, and assistant services with natural language interfaces. Tool-calling extends LLMs with the ability to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Yi Zhai , Dian Shen , Junzhou Luo , Bin Yang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown great promise for developing dialogue management (DM) agents that are non-myopic, conduct rich conversations, and maximize overall user satisfaction. Despite recent developments in RL and language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Dhawal Gupta , Yinlam Chow , Aza Tulepbergenov , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Craig Boutilier

Large language models (LLMs) encode a vast amount of world knowledge acquired from massive text datasets. Recent studies have demonstrated that LLMs can assist an embodied agent in solving complex sequential decision making tasks by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Bin Hu , Chenyang Zhao , Pu Zhang , Zihao Zhou , Yuanhang Yang , Zenglin Xu , Bin Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable proficiency in natural language understanding (NLU), opening doors for innovative applications. We introduce StreamLink - an LLM-driven distributed data system designed to improve the…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Dawei Feng , Di Mei , Huiri Tan , Lei Ren , Xianying Lou , Zhangxi Tan

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have rapidly proliferated and have been utilized in various tasks, including research in dialogue systems. We aimed to construct a system that not only leverages the flexible conversational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Katsumasa Yoshikawa , Takato Yamazaki , Masaya Ohagi , Tomoya Mizumoto , Keiya Sato

LLM based chatbots have become central interfaces in technical, educational, and analytical domains, supporting tasks such as code reasoning, problem solving, and information exploration. As these systems scale, sustainability concerns have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Ronnie de Souza Santos , Cleyton Magalhães , Italo Santos