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Traffic optimization on roads is a highly complex problem, with one important aspect being minimization of traffic congestion. By mapping to an Ising formulation of the traffic congestion problem, we benchmark solutions obtained from the…

Quantum computers are expected to offer significant advantages in solving complex optimization problems that are challenging for classical computers. Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems represent an important class…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Teemu Pihkakoski , Aravind Plathanam Babu , Pauli Taipale , Petri Liimatta , Matti Silveri

The routing and wavelength assignment with protection is an important problem in telecommunications. Given an optical network and incoming connection requests, a commonly studied variant of the problem aims to grant maximum number of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-09 Oylum Şeker , Merve Bodur , Hamed Pouya

Quantum computing is a promising technology to address combinatorial optimization problems, for example via the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). Its potential, however, hinges on scaling toy problems to sizes relevant for…

Quantum computers show potential for achieving computational advantage over classical computers, with many candidate applications in combinatorial optimisation. We present an application level benchmarking framework for near-term quantum…

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) is a standard NP-hard optimization problem. Recently, it has gained renewed interest through quantum computing, as QUBOs directly reduce to the Ising model, on which quantum annealing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Katalin Friedl , Levente Gegő , László Kabódi , Viktória Nemkin

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising variational quantum algorithm introduced to tackle classically intractable combinatorial optimization problems. This tutorial offers a comprehensive, first-principles…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Alessandro Giovagnoli

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a fundamental challenge in combinatorial optimization, widely applied in logistics and transportation. As the size of TSP instances grows, traditional algorithms often struggle to produce high-quality…

Quantum computing provides powerful algorithmic tools that have been shown to outperform established classical solvers in specific optimization tasks. A core step in solving optimization problems with known quantum algorithms such as the…

This paper introduces a novel method for finding integer sets that satisfy the Pythagorean theorem by leveraging the Higher-Order Binary Optimization (HOBO) formulation. Unlike the Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-22 Shoya Yasuda , Naoaki Mochida , Shunsuke Sotobayashi , Devanshu Garg , Yuichiro Minato

Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems are well-studied, not least because they can be approached using contemporary quantum annealing or classical hardware acceleration. However, due to limited precision and hardware…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-06 Sascha Mücke , Thore Gerlach , Nico Piatkowski

Optimal routing problems of electric vehicles (EVs) have attracted much attention in recent years, and installation of charging stations is an important issue for EVs. Hence, we focus on the joint optimization of the location of charging…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-06 Akihisa Okada , Keisuke Otaki , Hiroaki Yoshida

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a leading framework for quantum combinatorial optimization. The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), a core problem in logistics and transportation, is a natural application target, but it…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yuan-Zheng Lei , Yaobang Gong , Xianfeng Terry Yang , Nii Attoh-Okine

This tutorial offers a quick, hands-on introduction to solving Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) models on currently available quantum computers and their simulators. We cover both IBM and D-Wave machines: IBM utilizes a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-18 Arul Mazumder , Sridhar Tayur

Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problems (QUBOs) are intensively discussed in the realm of quantum computing and polynomial optimization. We provide a vast experimental study of semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxations of…

In this work, we introduce a novel Quadratic Binary Optimization (QBO) framework for training a quantized neural network. The framework enables the use of arbitrary activation and loss functions through spline interpolation, while Forward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Wenxin Li , Chuan Wang , Hongdong Zhu , Qi Gao , Yin Ma , Hai Wei , Kai Wen

Traffic congestion is one of the major issues in urban areas, particularly when traffic loads exceed the roads capacity, resulting in higher petrol consumption and carbon emissions as well as delays and stress for road users. In Asia, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-15 Amit Singh , Chun-Yu Lin , Chung-I Huang , Fang-Pang Lin

Major players in the global aerospace industry are shifting their focus toward achieving net carbon-neutral operations by 2050. A considerable portion of the overall carbon emission reduction is expected to come from new aircraft…

Quantum annealing aims at solving optimization problems of practical relevance using quantum-computing hardware. Problems of interest are typically formulated in terms of quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) Hamiltonians.…

Graph partitioning is one of an important set of well-known compute-intense (NP-hard) graph problems that devolve to discrete constrained optimization. We sampled solutions to the problem via two different quantum-ready methods to…