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Visual Question Answering (VQA) is one of the most important tasks in autonomous driving, which requires accurate recognition and complex situation evaluations. However, datasets annotated in a QA format, which guarantees precise language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Yuichi Inoue , Yuki Yada , Kotaro Tanahashi , Yu Yamaguchi

Spatial reasoning plays a vital role in both human cognition and machine intelligence, prompting new research into language models' (LMs) capabilities in this regard. However, existing benchmarks reveal shortcomings in evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Fangjun Li , David C. Hogg , Anthony G. Cohn

Visual Question Answering (VQA) models, which fall under the category of vision-language models, conventionally execute multiple downsampling processes on image inputs to strike a balance between computational efficiency and model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Xirui Zhou , Lianlei Shan , Xiaolin Gui

An embodied AI assistant operating on egocentric video must integrate spatial cues across time - for instance, determining where an object A, glimpsed a few moments ago lies relative to an object B encountered later. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Sahithya Ravi , Gabriel Sarch , Vibhav Vineet , Andrew D. Wilson , Balasaravanan Thoravi Kumaravel

Recent advancements in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have sparked interest in their use for autonomous driving, particularly in generating interpretable driving decisions through natural language. However, the assumption that VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Shaoyuan Xie , Lingdong Kong , Yuhao Dong , Chonghao Sima , Wenwei Zhang , Qi Alfred Chen , Ziwei Liu , Liang Pan

A reliable driving assistant should provide consistent responses based on temporally grounded reasoning derived from observed information. In this work, we investigate whether Vision-Language Models (VLMs), when applied as driving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Chun-Peng Chang , Chen-Yu Wang , Holger Caesar , Alain Pagani

Spatial reasoning is a core aspect of human intelligence that allows perception, inference and planning in 3D environments. However, current vision-language models (VLMs) struggle to maintain geometric coherence and cross-view consistency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Qiyao Xue , Weichen Liu , Shiqi Wang , Haoming Wang , Yuyang Wu , Wei Gao

We present a novel method, AutoSpatial, an efficient approach with structured spatial grounding to enhance VLMs' spatial reasoning. By combining minimal manual supervision with large-scale Visual Question-Answering (VQA) pairs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yangzhe Kong , Daeun Song , Jing Liang , Dinesh Manocha , Ziyu Yao , Xuesu Xiao

Large vision-language models (VLMs) have garnered increasing interest in autonomous driving areas, due to their advanced capabilities in complex reasoning tasks essential for highly autonomous vehicle behavior. Despite their potential,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Ming Nie , Renyuan Peng , Chunwei Wang , Xinyue Cai , Jianhua Han , Hang Xu , Li Zhang

We study how vision-language models (VLMs) trained on web-scale data can be integrated into end-to-end driving systems to boost generalization and enable interactivity with human users. While recent approaches adapt VLMs to driving via…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Chonghao Sima , Katrin Renz , Kashyap Chitta , Li Chen , Hanxue Zhang , Chengen Xie , Jens Beißwenger , Ping Luo , Andreas Geiger , Hongyang Li

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable ability in various language tasks, especially with their emergent in-context learning capability. Extending LLMs to incorporate visual inputs, large vision-language models (LVLMs) have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Aneesh Komanduri , Karuna Bhaila , Xintao Wu

Visual Spatial Reasoning (VSR) is a core human cognitive ability and a critical requirement for advancing embodied intelligence and autonomous systems. Despite recent progress in Vision-Language Models (VLMs), achieving human-level VSR…

Spatial reasoning ability is crucial for Vision Language Models (VLMs) to support real-world applications in diverse domains including robotics, augmented reality, and autonomous navigation. Unfortunately, existing benchmarks are inadequate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Xinmiao Huang , Qisong He , Zhenglin Huang , Boxuan Wang , Zhuoyun Li , Guangliang Cheng , Yi Dong , Xiaowei Huang

Spatial reasoning and visual grounding are core capabilities for vision-language models (VLMs), yet most medical VLMs produce predictions without transparent reasoning or spatial evidence. Existing benchmarks also evaluate VLMs on isolated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Lama Moukheiber , Caleb M. Yeung , Haotian Xue , Alec Helbling , Zelin Zhao , Yongxin Chen

The Large Visual-Language Models (LVLMs) have significantly advanced image understanding. Their comprehension and reasoning capabilities enable promising applications in autonomous driving scenarios. However, existing research typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Zongchuang Zhao , Haoyu Fu , Dingkang Liang , Xin Zhou , Dingyuan Zhang , Hongwei Xie , Bing Wang , Xiang Bai

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have shown strong capabilities in understanding and analyzing visual scenes across various domains. However, in the context of autonomous driving, their limited comprehension of 3D environments restricts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Jannik Lübberstedt , Esteban Rivera , Nico Uhlemann , Markus Lienkamp

A primary hurdle of autonomous driving in urban environments is understanding complex and long-tail scenarios, such as challenging road conditions and delicate human behaviors. We introduce DriveVLM, an autonomous driving system leveraging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Xiaoyu Tian , Junru Gu , Bailin Li , Yicheng Liu , Yang Wang , Zhiyong Zhao , Kun Zhan , Peng Jia , Xianpeng Lang , Hang Zhao

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown strong vision-language reasoning abilities but still lack robust 3D spatial understanding, which is critical for autonomous driving. This limitation stems from two key challenges: (1) the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Ruixun Liu , Lingyu Kong , Derun Li , Hang Zhao

Evaluating vision-language models (VLMs) in urban driving contexts remains challenging, as existing benchmarks rely on open-ended responses that are ambiguous, annotation-intensive, and inconsistent to score. This lack of standardized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Boshra Khalili , Andrew W. Smyth

Recent advancements in open-source Visual Language Models (VLMs) such as LLaVA, Qwen-VL, and Llama have catalyzed extensive research on their integration with diverse systems. The internet-scale general knowledge encapsulated within these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Cristian Gariboldi , Hayato Tokida , Ken Kinjo , Yuki Asada , Alexander Carballo