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The mean transverse momentum of produced particles, [pt], and its event-by-event fluctuations give direct access to the initial conditions of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions and help probe the colliding nuclei's structure. The [pt]…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-12-04 Emil Gorm Dahlbæk Nielsen , Frederik K. Rømer , Kristjan Gulbrandsen , You Zhou

Multi-particle cumulants of azimuthal angle correlations have been compelling tools to probe the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) created in the ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions and the search for the QGP in small collision…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-03-03 Zuzana Moravcova , Kristjan Gulbrandsen , You Zhou

The hypothesis of the relation between strong azimuthal correlations, known as alignment, in families of hadrons and photons observed in cosmic ray experiments and the selection procedure of the highest-energy particles together with the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-03-17 I. P. Lokhtin , A. V. Nikolskii , A. M. Snigirev

The methods currently used to measure azimuthal distributions of particles in heavy ion collisions assume that all azimuthal correlations between particles result from their correlation with the reaction plane. However, other correlations…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-06 Nicolas Borghini , Phuong Mai Dinh , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

Particle correlations are very actively studied in heavy-ion collisions at ultra-relativistic energies. Here, an attempt is made at determining a proper reference for such studies, by taking properly into account the multiparticle…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Nicolas Borghini

At the very first stage of an ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collision new particles are produced in individual nucleon-nucleon collisions. In the transverse plane, all particles from a single $NN$ collision are initially located at the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Sergei A. Voloshin

Correlations of two or more particles have been an essential tool for understanding the hydrodynamic behavior of the quark-gluon plasma created in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions. In this paper, we extend that framework to introduce a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-02-07 Abraham Holtermann , Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler , Anne M. Sickles , Xiaoning Wang

The study of two-particle azimuthal correlations at high transverse momentum has become an important tool to investigate the interaction of hard partons with the medium formed in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. At SPS energies,…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2009-11-11 Mateusz Ploskon

Analysis of transverse momentum distributions is a useful tool to understand the dynamics of relativistic particles produced in high energy collision. Finding a proper distribution function to approximate the spectra is a vastly developing…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-02-22 Rohit Gupta , Anjaly Menon , Shubhangi Jain , Satyajit Jena

Atomic nuclei are self-organized, many-body quantum systems bound by strong nuclear forces within femtometer-scale space. These complex systems manifest a variety of shapes, traditionally explored using non-invasive spectroscopic techniques…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2024-11-19 STAR Collaboration

Relativistic nuclear collisions have emerged as a new tool for probing many-body correlations of nucleons in the ground states of atomic nuclei. Here, we investigate the connection between three-nucleon correlations inside nuclei and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-04-02 Hadi Mehrabpour , Giuliano Giacalone , Matthew W. Luzum

Two-particle correlation measurements and analysis are an important component of the relativistic heavy-ion physics program. In particular, particle pair-number correlations on two-dimensional transverse momentum ($p_t$) allow unique access…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2017-01-04 Robert L. Ray , Prabhat Bhattarai

From the correlation structure of transverse momentum $p_t$ in relativistic nuclear collisions we observe for the first time temperature/velocity structure resulting from low-$Q^2$ partons. Our novel analysis technique does not invoke an…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-11 Thomas A Trainor , Duncan J Prindle

A unified framework for describing the azimuthal dependence of two-particle correlations in heavy-ion collisions is introduced, together with the methods for measuring the corresponding observables. The generalization to azimuthal…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Nicolas Borghini

The correlation between the transverse momentum and the azimuthal asymmetry the flow is studied. A correlation coefficient is defined between the average transverse momentum of hadrons emitted in an event and the square of the elliptic or…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-04-27 Piotr Bozek

The measurement of azimuthal correlations between two particles is a powerful tool to investigate the properties of strongly-interacting nuclear matter created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We present measurements of di-hadron…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-08-21 Xiangrong Zhu

We present a systematic procedure for analyzing cumulants to arbitrary order in the context of heavy-ion collisions. It generalizes and improves existing procedures in many respects. In particular, particles which are correlated are allowed…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-04-28 Philippe Di Francesco , Maxime Guilbaud , Matthew Luzum , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

Azimuthal anisotropy is a key observation made in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. This phenomenon has played a crucial role in the development of the field over the last two decades. In addition to its interest for studying the…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2023-10-20 Jean-Yves Ollitrault

Two-particle number and transverse momentum correlations are powerful tools for studying the medium produced in heavy-ion collisions. Correlations in the angular separation of pairs of hadrons can provide information on the medium transport…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-02-20 Monika Varga-Kofarago

Global transverse-momentum conservation induces correlations between any number of particles, which contribute in particular to the two- and three-particle correlations measured in heavy-ion collisions. These correlations are examined in…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Nicolas Borghini
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