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Metaphors in natural language are a reflection of fundamental cognitive processes such as analogical reasoning and categorisation, and are deeply rooted in everyday communication. Metaphor understanding is therefore an essential task for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Xiaoyu Tong , Rochelle Choenni , Martha Lewis , Ekaterina Shutova

Understanding humor is a core aspect of social intelligence, yet it remains a significant challenge for Large Multimodal Models (LMMs). We introduce PixelHumor, a benchmark dataset of 2,800 annotated multi-panel comics designed to evaluate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Yuriel Ryan , Rui Yang Tan , Kenny Tsu Wei Choo , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Metaphor and sarcasm are common figurative expressions in people's communication, especially on the Internet or the memes popular among teenagers. We create a new benchmark named NYK-MS (NewYorKer for Metaphor and Sarcasm), which contains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Ke Chang , Hao Li , Junzhao Zhang , Yunfang Wu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive natural language understanding capabilities across various text-based tasks, understanding humor has remained a persistent challenge. Humor is frequently multimodal, relying on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Ashwin Baluja

Humor is a fundamental facet of human cognition and interaction. Yet, despite recent advances in natural language processing, humor detection remains a challenging task that is complicated by the scarcity of datasets that pair humorous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Zachary Horvitz , Jingru Chen , Rahul Aditya , Harshvardhan Srivastava , Robert West , Zhou Yu , Kathleen McKeown

Humor is a substantial element of human social behavior, affect, and cognition. Its automatic understanding can facilitate a more naturalistic human-AI interaction. Current methods of humor detection have been exclusively based on staged…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Lukas Christ , Shahin Amiriparian , Alexander Kathan , Niklas Müller , Andreas König , Björn W. Schuller

Generating humorous memes is a challenging multimodal task that moves beyond direct image-to-caption supervision. It requires a nuanced reasoning over visual content, contextual cues, and subjective humor. To bridge this gap between visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xueyan Li , Yingyi Xue , Mengjie Jiang , Qingzi Zhu , Yazhe Niu

Humor, deeply rooted in societal meanings and cultural details, poses a unique challenge for machines. While advances have been made in natural language processing, real-world humor often thrives in a multi-modal context, encapsulated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Yuyan Chen , Songzhou Yan , Zhihong Zhu , Zhixu Li , Yanghua Xiao

Humor is a unique and creative communicative behavior displayed during social interactions. It is produced in a multimodal manner, through the usage of words (text), gestures (vision) and prosodic cues (acoustic). Understanding humor from…

Metaphor analysis is a complex linguistic phenomenon shaped by context and external factors. While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate advanced capabilities in knowledge integration, contextual reasoning, and creative generation, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Fengying Ye , Shanshan Wang , Lidia S. Chao , Derek F. Wong

Recent multimodal large language models have shown promising ability in generating humorous captions for images, yet they still lack stable control over explicit cultural context, making it difficult to jointly maintain image relevance,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Run Xu , Lu Li , Rongzhao Zhang , Jie Xu

With the continuous emergence of various social media platforms frequently used in daily life, the multimodal meme understanding (MMU) task has been garnering increasing attention. MMU aims to explore and comprehend the meanings of memes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Li Zheng , Hao Fei , Ting Dai , Zuquan Peng , Fei Li , Huisheng Ma , Chong Teng , Donghong Ji

This paper presents OxfordTVG-HIC (Humorous Image Captions), a large-scale dataset for humour generation and understanding. Humour is an abstract, subjective, and context-dependent cognitive construct involving several cognitive factors,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Runjia Li , Shuyang Sun , Mohamed Elhoseiny , Philip Torr

Metonymy and metaphor often co-occur in natural language, yet computational work has studied them largely in isolation. We introduce a framework that transforms a literal sentence into three figurative variants: metonymic, metaphoric, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Saptarshi Ghosh , Tianyu Jiang

Puns are a common form of rhetorical wordplay that exploits polysemy and phonetic similarity to create humor. In multimodal puns, visual and textual elements synergize to ground the literal sense and evoke the figurative meaning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Naen Xu , Jiayi Sheng , Changjiang Li , Chunyi Zhou , Yuyuan Li , Tianyu Du , Jun Wang , Zhihui Fu , Jinbao Li , Shouling Ji

Human languages are full of metaphorical expressions. Metaphors help people understand the world by connecting new concepts and domains to more familiar ones. Large pre-trained language models (PLMs) are therefore assumed to encode…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Ehsan Aghazadeh , Mohsen Fayyaz , Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in metaphor interpretation across multiple datasets, tasks, and prompt configurations. Although metaphor processing has gained significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Elisa Sanchez-Bayona , Rodrigo Agerri

Metaphors are everywhere. They appear extensively across all domains of natural language, from the most sophisticated poetry to seemingly dry academic prose. A significant body of research in the cognitive science of language argues for the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Rebecca M. M. Hicke , Ross Deans Kristensen-McLachlan

Dark humor in online memes poses unique challenges due to its reliance on implicit, sensitive, and culturally contextual cues. To address the lack of resources and methods for detecting dark humor in multimodal content, we introduce a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Sai Kartheek Reddy Kasu , Mohammad Zia Ur Rehman , Shahid Shafi Dar , Rishi Bharat Junghare , Dhanvin Sanjay Namboodiri , Nagendra Kumar

AI models capable of comprehending humor hold real-world promise -- for example, enhancing engagement in human-machine interactions. To gauge and diagnose the capacity of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) for humor understanding, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Zhengpeng Shi , Yanpeng Zhao , Jianqun Zhou , Yuxuan Wang , Qinrong Cui , Wei Bi , Songchun Zhu , Bo Zhao , Zilong Zheng
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