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In this paper, we propose a continual learning (CL) technique that is beneficial to sequential task learners by improving their retained accuracy and reducing catastrophic forgetting. The principal target of our approach is the automatic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Ammar Shaker , Shujian Yu , Francesco Alesiani

State-of-the-art pre-trained image models predominantly adopt a two-stage approach: initial unsupervised pre-training on large-scale datasets followed by task-specific fine-tuning using Cross-Entropy loss~(CE). However, it has been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Zijun Long , George Killick , Lipeng Zhuang , Gerardo Aragon-Camarasa , Zaiqiao Meng , Richard Mccreadie

Class-Incremental Learning aims to update a deep classifier to learn new categories while maintaining or improving its accuracy on previously observed classes. Common methods to prevent forgetting previously learned classes include…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Elif Ceren Gok Yildirim , Murat Onur Yildirim , Mert Kilickaya , Joaquin Vanschoren

Continual Learning requires a model to learn multiple tasks in sequence while maintaining both stability:preserving knowledge from previously learned tasks, and plasticity:effectively learning new tasks. Gradient projection has emerged as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Haomiao Qiu , Miao Zhang , Ziyue Qiao , Weili Guan , Min Zhang , Liqiang Nie

Continual learning (CL) enables models to adapt to new tasks and environments without forgetting previously learned knowledge. While current CL setups have ignored the relationship between labels in the past task and the new task with or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Byung Hyun Lee , Okchul Jung , Jonghyun Choi , Se Young Chun

Continual learning (CL) studies the problem of learning a sequence of tasks, one at a time, such that the learning of each new task does not lead to the deterioration in performance on the previously seen ones while exploiting previously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Ammar Shaker , Francesco Alesiani , Shujian Yu , Wenzhe Yin

Biological agents are known to learn many different tasks over the course of their lives, and to be able to revisit previous tasks and behaviors with little to no loss in performance. In contrast, artificial agents are prone to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Ta-Chu Kao , Kristopher T. Jensen , Gido M. van de Ven , Alberto Bernacchia , Guillaume Hennequin

Catastrophic forgetting is a pervasive issue for pre-trained language models (PLMs) during continual learning, where models lose previously acquired knowledge when sequentially trained on a series of tasks. The model's ability to retain old…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Biqing Zeng , Zehan Li , Aladdin Ayesh

Continual learning (CL) has garnered significant attention because of its ability to adapt to new tasks that arrive over time. Catastrophic forgetting (of old tasks) has been identified as a major issue in CL, as the model adapts to new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Hongbo Li , Sen Lin , Lingjie Duan , Yingbin Liang , Ness B. Shroff

A common challenge in continual learning (CL) is catastrophic forgetting, where the performance on old tasks drops after new, additional tasks are learned. In this paper, we propose a novel framework called ReCL to slow down forgetting in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Pascal Janetzky , Tobias Schlagenhauf , Stefan Feuerriegel

Model merging provides a scalable alternative to multi-task training by combining specialized finetuned models through parameter arithmetic, enabling efficient deployment without the need for joint training or access to all task data. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yifei He , Siqi Zeng , Yuzheng Hu , Rui Yang , Tong Zhang , Han Zhao

Deep neural networks, despite their remarkable success, remain fundamentally limited in their ability to perform Continual Learning (CL). While most current methods aim to enhance the capabilities of a single model, Inspired by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Aojun Lu , Junchao Ke , Chunhui Ding , Jiahao Fan , Jiancheng Lv , Yanan Sun

Continual model merging integrates independently fine-tuned models sequentially without access to the original training data, offering a scalable and efficient solution for continual learning. However, existing methods face two critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Zihuan Qiu , Yi Xu , Chiyuan He , Fanman Meng , Linfeng Xu , Qingbo Wu , Hongliang Li

Algorithms that balance the stability-plasticity trade-off are well studied in the Continual Learning literature. However, only a few focus on obtaining models for specified trade-off preferences. When solving the problem of continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Pengyuan Lu , Michele Caprio , Eric Eaton , Insup Lee

Approaches to continual learning aim to successfully learn a set of related tasks that arrive in an online manner. Recently, several frameworks have been developed which enable deep learning to be deployed in this learning scenario. A key…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-17 Tameem Adel , Han Zhao , Richard E. Turner

Model merging combines the parameters of multiple neural networks into a single model without additional training. As fine-tuned large language models (LLMs) proliferate, merging offers a computationally efficient alternative to ensembles…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Mingyang Song , Mao Zheng

The pre-trained language models are continually fine-tuned to better support downstream applications. However, this operation may result in significant performance degeneration on general tasks beyond the targeted domain. To overcome this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Shitao Xiao , Zheng Liu , Peitian Zhang , Xingrun Xing

Continual Learning (CL) poses a significant challenge in Artificial Intelligence, aiming to mirror the human ability to incrementally acquire knowledge and skills. While extensive research has focused on CL within the context of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Haotian Zhang , Junting Zhou , Haowei Lin , Hang Ye , Jianhua Zhu , Zihao Wang , Liangcai Gao , Yizhou Wang , Yitao Liang

Continual learning (CL) enables models to adapt to evolving data streams. A major challenge of CL is catastrophic forgetting, where new knowledge will overwrite previously acquired knowledge. Traditional methods usually retain the past data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Baocai Yin , Ji Zhao , Huajie Jiang , Ningning Hou , Yongli Hu , Amin Beheshti , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Yuankai Qi

Humans' continual learning (CL) ability is closely related to Stability Versus Plasticity Dilemma that describes how humans achieve ongoing learning capacity and preservation for learned information. The notion of CL has always been present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Yifan Chang , Wenbo Li , Jian Peng , Bo Tang , Yu Kang , Yinjie Lei , Yuanmiao Gui , Qing Zhu , Yu Liu , Haifeng Li
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