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Related papers: Prompt Optimization with Logged Bandit Data

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Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a new paradigm for multi-agent systems. However, existing research on the behaviour of LLM-based multi-agents relies on ad hoc prompts and lacks a principled policy perspective. Different from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Hongbo Bo , Jingyu Hu , Weiru Liu

Designing effective prompts can empower LLMs to understand user preferences and provide recommendations with intent comprehension and knowledge utilization capabilities. Nevertheless, recent studies predominantly concentrate on task-wise…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Wenyu Mao , Jiancan Wu , Weijian Chen , Chongming Gao , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He

Prompt-guided generative AI models have rapidly expanded across vision and language domains, producing realistic and diverse outputs from textual inputs. The growing variety of such models, trained with different data and architectures,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Mehdi Lotfian , Mohammad Jalali , Farzan Farnia

Large language models (LLMs) are excellent in-context learners. However, the sensitivity of data contained in prompts raises privacy concerns. Our work first shows that these concerns are valid: we instantiate a simple but highly effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Haonan Duan , Adam Dziedzic , Nicolas Papernot , Franziska Boenisch

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly capable and prevalent, and can be used to produce creative content. The quality of content is influenced by the prompt used, with more specific prompts that incorporate examples generally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Samuel Rhys Cox , Ashraf Abdul , Wei Tsang Ooi

Recently, self-learning methods based on user satisfaction metrics and contextual bandits have shown promising results to enable consistent improvements in conversational AI systems. However, directly targeting such metrics by off-policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Mohammad Kachuee , Sungjin Lee

Code generation is one of the most active areas of application of Large Language Models (LLMs). While LLMs lower barriers to writing code and accelerate development process, the overall quality of generated programs depends on the quality…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Andrei Paleyes , Radzim Sendyka , Diana Robinson , Christian Cabrera , Neil D. Lawrence

This paper focuses on extending the success of large language models (LLMs) to sequential decision making. Existing efforts either (i) re-train or finetune LLMs for decision making, or (ii) design prompts for pretrained LLMs. The former…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Dingyang Chen , Qi Zhang , Yinglun Zhu

Effectively modeling the dynamic nature of user preferences is crucial for enhancing recommendation accuracy and fostering transparency in recommender systems. Traditional user profiling often overlooks the distinction between transitory…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Milad Sabouri , Masoud Mansoury , Kun Lin , Bamshad Mobasher

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been shown to produce estimates of psycholinguistic norms, such as valence, arousal, or concreteness, for words and multiword expressions, that correlate with human judgments. These estimates are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Thomas Hikaru Clark , Carlos Arriaga , Javier Conde , Gonzalo Martínez , Pedro Reviriego

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing (NLP), yet the influence of prompt sentiment, a latent affective characteristic of input text, remains underexplored. This study systematically examines…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Vishal Gandhi , Sagar Gandhi

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable abilities in different fields, including standard Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. To elicit knowledge from LLMs, prompts play a key role, consisting of natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Mohamed Bayan Kmainasi , Rakif Khan , Ali Ezzat Shahroor , Boushra Bendou , Maram Hasanain , Firoj Alam

Large Language Models (LLMs) can infer sensitive attributes such as gender or age from indirect cues like names and pronouns, potentially biasing recommendations. While several debiasing methods exist, they require access to the LLMs'…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Mihaela Rotar , Theresia Veronika Rampisela , Maria Maistro

Bias and fairness risks in Large Language Models (LLMs) vary substantially across deployment contexts, yet existing approaches lack systematic guidance for selecting appropriate evaluation metrics. We present a decision framework that maps…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Dylan Bouchard

Investigating bias in large language models (LLMs) is crucial for developing trustworthy AI. While prompt-based through prompt engineering is common, its effectiveness relies on the assumption that models inherently understand biases. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Xinyi Yang , Runzhe Zhan , Derek F. Wong , Shu Yang , Junchao Wu , Lidia S. Chao

Recommender systems are widely used to suggest engaging content, and Large Language Models (LLMs) have given rise to generative recommenders. Such systems can directly generate items, including for open-set tasks like question suggestion.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Lütfi Kerem Senel , Besnik Fetahu , Davis Yoshida , Zhiyu Chen , Giuseppe Castellucci , Nikhita Vedula , Jason Choi , Shervin Malmasi

The effectiveness of large language models (LLMs) is closely tied to the design of prompts, making prompt optimization essential for enhancing their performance across a wide range of tasks. Many existing approaches to automating prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Sarkar Snigdha Sarathi Das , Ryo Kamoi , Bo Pang , Yusen Zhang , Caiming Xiong , Rui Zhang

Warning: This paper contains examples of stereotypes and biases. Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit considerable social biases, and various studies have tried to evaluate and mitigate these biases accurately. Previous studies use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Rem Hida , Masahiro Kaneko , Naoaki Okazaki

Recently, foundation models such as OpenAI's O1 and O3, along with DeepSeek's R1, have demonstrated strong reasoning capacities and problem-solving skills acquired through large-scale reinforcement learning (RL), with wide applications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Tianbing Xu

Auto-evaluation is crucial for assessing response quality and offering feedback for model development. Recent studies have explored training large language models (LLMs) as generative judges to evaluate and critique other models' outputs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Peifeng Wang , Austin Xu , Yilun Zhou , Caiming Xiong , Shafiq Joty