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In generative modeling, the Wasserstein distance (WD) has emerged as a useful metric to measure the discrepancy between generated and real data distributions. Unfortunately, it is challenging to approximate the WD of high-dimensional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Jiqing Wu , Zhiwu Huang , Dinesh Acharya , Wen Li , Janine Thoma , Danda Pani Paudel , Luc Van Gool

We introduce the observable Wasserstein distance, a framework for deriving lower bounds on the Wasserstein distance between probability measures on Polish metric spaces, designed to bypass the computational intractability of exact optimal…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Edivaldo Lopes dos Santos , Leandro Vicente Mauri , Washington Mio , Tom Needham

Deep metric learning employs deep neural networks to embed instances into a metric space such that distances between instances of the same class are small and distances between instances from different classes are large. In most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-05 Ahmed Abdelwahab , Niels Landwehr

Sliced Wasserstein (SW) distance has been widely used in different application scenarios since it can be scaled to a large number of supports without suffering from the curse of dimensionality. The value of sliced Wasserstein distance is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-07 Khai Nguyen , Tongzheng Ren , Huy Nguyen , Litu Rout , Tan Nguyen , Nhat Ho

Self-supervised learning is one of the most promising approaches to acquiring knowledge from limited labeled data. Despite the substantial advancements made in recent years, self-supervised models have posed a challenge to practitioners, as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Franciskus Xaverius Erick , Mina Rezaei , Johanna Paula Müller , Bernhard Kainz

The Wasserstein distance is a distance between two probability distributions and has recently gained increasing popularity in statistics and machine learning, owing to its attractive properties. One important approach to extending this…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-14 Ryo Okano , Masaaki Imaizumi

Scientific datasets often have hierarchical structure: for example, in surveys, individual participants (samples) might be grouped at a higher level (units) such as their geographical region. In these settings, the interest is often in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Fynn Bachmann , Philipp Hennig , Dmitry Kobak

This paper studies iterative schemes for measure transfer and approximation problems, which are defined through a slicing-and-matching procedure. Similar to the sliced Wasserstein distance, these schemes benefit from the availability of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Shiying Li , Caroline Moosmueller , Yongzhe Wang

Modern image formation algorithms in radio interferometry rely on repeated applications of the operator {\Phi} modelling the measurement process and its adjoint {Phi^\dagger} to enforce consistency with the acquired data, specifically via…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-27 Arwa Dabbech , Yves Wiaux

Max sliced Wasserstein (Max-SW) distance has been widely known as a solution for less discriminative projections of sliced Wasserstein (SW) distance. In applications that have various independent pairs of probability measures, amortized…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-09 Khai Nguyen , Dang Nguyen , Nhat Ho

We study the problem of nonparametric two-sample testing using the sliced Wasserstein (SW) distance. While prior theoretical and empirical work indicates that the SW distance offers a promising balance between strong statistical guarantees…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-03 Binh Thuan Tran , Nicolas Schreuder

In this paper we introduce Farthest Sampling Segmentation (FSS), a new method for segmentation of triangulated surfaces, which consists of two fundamental steps: the computation of a submatrix $W^k$ of the affinity matrix $W$ and the…

We introduce LOT Wassmap, a computationally feasible algorithm to uncover low-dimensional structures in the Wasserstein space. The algorithm is motivated by the observation that many datasets are naturally interpreted as probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Alexander Cloninger , Keaton Hamm , Varun Khurana , Caroline Moosmüller

The sliced Wasserstein barycenter (SWB) is a widely acknowledged method for efficiently generalizing the averaging operation within probability measure spaces. However, achieving marginal fairness SWB, ensuring approximately equal distances…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-05 Khai Nguyen , Hai Nguyen , Nhat Ho

Motivated by the statistical and computational challenges of computing Wasserstein distances in high-dimensional contexts, machine learning researchers have defined modified Wasserstein distances based on computing distances between…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-06-02 Jiaqi Xi , Jonathan Niles-Weed

This paper proposes two algorithms for estimating square Wasserstein distance matrices from a small number of entries. These matrices are used to compute manifold learning embeddings like multidimensional scaling (MDS) or Isomap, but…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-20 Muhammad Rana , Abiy Tasissa , HanQin Cai , Yakov Gavriyelov , Keaton Hamm

Comparing probability measures modulo unknown rigid transformations is a central challenge in geometric data analysis. Classical optimal transport (OT) distances, including Wasserstein and sliced Wasserstein, are sensitive to rotations and…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zakk Heile , Peilin He , Jayson Tran , Alice Wang , Shrikant Chand

We devise a new embedding technique, which we call measured descent, based on decomposing a metric space locally, at varying speeds, according to the density of some probability measure. This provides a refined and unified framework for the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Robert Krauthgamer , James R. Lee , Manor Mendel , Assaf Naor

Efficient comparison of spherical probability distributions becomes important in fields such as computer vision, geosciences, and medicine. Sliced optimal transport distances, such as spherical and stereographic spherical sliced Wasserstein…

Wasserstein distances are widely used in modern data analysis but pose significant computational and statistical challenges in high dimensions. The sliced Wasserstein distance alleviates these challenges by leveraging one-dimensional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-21 David Rodríguez-Vítores , Eustasio del Barrio , Jean-Michel Loubes