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Graphical User Interface (GUI) action grounding is a critical step in GUI automation that maps language instructions to actionable elements on GUI screens. Most recent works of GUI action grounding leverage large GUI datasets to fine-tune…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yue Fan , Handong Zhao , Ruiyi Zhang , Yu Shen , Xin Eric Wang , Gang Wu

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has catalyzed the development of mobile graphic user interface (GUI) AI agents, which is designed to autonomously perform tasks on mobile devices.…

Vision-language model (VLM) based GUI agents show promise for automating complex desktop and mobile tasks, but face significant challenges in applying reinforcement learning (RL): (1) slow multi-turn interactions with GUI environments for…

Multimodal large language models (MLLM) have achieved satisfactory results in many tasks. However, their performance in the task of ReID (ReID) has not been explored to date. This paper will investigate how to adapt them for the task of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Shan Yang , Yongfei Zhang

A central bottleneck for phone-use agents is that controllable, reproducible environments covering real mobile behavior are hard to build at scale. Existing mobile-agent benchmarks have made important progress on evaluation, but they do not…

In this paper we investigate the effect of long-term GUI changes occurring during application development on the reusability of existing GUI test cases. We conduct an empirical evaluation on two complex, open-source GUI-driven applications…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-02-24 Arthur-Jozsef Molnar

Simulated user agents are increasingly used in usability testing to support fast, iterative UX workflows, as they generate rich data such as action logs and think-aloud reasoning, but the unstructured nature of this output often obscures…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Steffen Holter , Eunyee Koh , Mustafa Doga Dogan , Gromit Yeuk-Yin Chan

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have markedly expanded the competence of graphical user-interface (GUI) systems, propelling them beyond controlled simulations into complex, real-world environments across diverse platforms. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Bin Lei , Nuo Xu , Ali Payani , Mingyi Hong , Chunhua Liao , Yu Cao , Caiwen Ding

Mobile Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents aim to autonomously complete tasks within or across apps based on user instructions. While recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) enable these agents to interpret UI screens and perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Linqiang Guo , Wei Liu , Yi Wen Heng , Tse-Hsun , Chen , Yang Wang

User studies are central to user experience research, yet recruiting participant is expensive, slow, and limited in diversity. Recent work has explored using Large Language Models as simulated users, but doubts about fidelity have hindered…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Siyang Liu , Sahand Sabour , Xiaoyang Wang , Rada Mihalcea

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) locally on mobile devices presents a significant challenge due to their extensive memory requirements. In this paper, we introduce LinguaLinked, a system for decentralized, distributed LLM inference on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Junchen Zhao , Yurun Song , Simeng Liu , Ian G. Harris , Sangeetha Abdu Jyothi

Recently, there has been a surge of vision-based GUI agents designed to automate everyday mobile and web tasks. These agents interpret raw GUI screenshots and autonomously decide where to click, scroll, or type, which bypasses handcrafted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Yucheng Shi , Wenhao Yu , Zaitang Li , Yonglin Wang , Hongming Zhang , Ninghao Liu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Graphical User Interface (GUI) grounding plays a crucial role in enhancing the capabilities of Vision-Language Model (VLM) agents. While general VLMs, such as GPT-4V, demonstrate strong performance across various tasks, their proficiency in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Anthony Nguyen

In crowdsourced user experiments that collect performance data from graphical user interface (GUI) interactions, some participants ignore instructions or act carelessly, threatening the validity of performance models. We investigate a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Takaya Miyama , Satoshi Nakamura , Shota Yamanaka

Understanding and modeling human mobility patterns is crucial for effective transportation planning and urban development. Despite significant advances in mobility research, there remains a critical gap in simulation platforms that allow…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Yifan Liu , Xishun Liao , Haoxuan Ma , Jonathan Liu , Rohan Jadhav , Jiaqi Ma

Online Reinforcement Learning (RL) offers a promising paradigm for enhancing GUI agents through direct environment interaction. However, its effectiveness is severely hindered by inefficient credit assignment in long-horizon tasks and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Han Xiao , Guozhi Wang , Hao Wang , Shilong Liu , Yuxiang Chai , Yue Pan , Yufeng Zhou , Xiaoxin Chen , Yafei Wen , Hongsheng Li

Recent progress in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has enabled mobile GUI agents capable of visual perception, cross-modal reasoning, and interactive control. However, existing benchmarks are largely English-centric and fail to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yang Li , Yuchen Liu , Haoyu Lu , Zhiqiang Xia , Hongzhen Wang , Kaiyang Han , Changpeng Yang , Jinyang Wu , Jiaming Xu , Runyu Shi , Ying Huang

GUI grounding is a critical component in building capable GUI agents. However, existing grounding benchmarks suffer from significant limitations: they either provide insufficient data volume and narrow domain coverage, or focus excessively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Beitong Zhou , Zhexiao Huang , Yuan Guo , Zhangxuan Gu , Tianyu Xia , Zichen Luo , Fei Tang , Dehan Kong , Yanyi Shang , Suling Ou , Zhenlin Guo , Changhua Meng , Shuheng Shen

While integrating tools like Code Interpreter and Search has significantly enhanced Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning in models like ChatGPT Agent and Gemini-Pro, practical guidance on optimal tool use is lacking. The core challenge is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yongchao Chen , Jiefeng Chen , Rui Meng , Ji Yin , Na Li , Chuchu Fan , Chi Wang , Tomas Pfister , Jinsung Yoon

Graphical user interface (GUI) grounding, the process of mapping human instructions to GUI actions, serves as a fundamental basis to autonomous GUI agents. While existing grounding models achieve promising performance to simulate the mouse…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zeyi Liao , Yadong Lu , Boyu Gou , Huan Sun , Ahmed Awadallah