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Graphs provide a natural way to represent data by encoding information about objects and the relationships between them. With the ever-increasing amount of data collected and generated, locating specific patterns of relationships between…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Tatyana Benko , Rebecca Jones , Lucas Tate

Complex networks are frequently employed to model physical or virtual complex systems. When certain entities exist across multiple systems simultaneously, unveiling their corresponding relationships across the networks becomes crucial. This…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-04-16 Rui Tang , Ziyun Yong , Shuyu Jiang , Xingshu Chen , Yaofang Liu , Yi-Cheng Zhang , Gui-Quan Sun , Wei Wang

A wide variety of complex networks (social, biological, information etc.) exhibit local clustering with substantial variation in the clustering coefficient (the probability of neighbors being connected). Existing models of large graphs…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-09-28 Samantha Petti , Santosh Vempala

Graph matching aims to find the latent vertex correspondence between two edge-correlated graphs and has found numerous applications across different fields. In this paper, we study a seeded graph matching problem, which assumes that a set…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Liren Yu , Jiaming Xu , Xiaojun Lin

Graph matching refers to finding node correspondence between graphs, such that the corresponding node and edge's affinity can be maximized. In addition with its NP-completeness nature, another important challenge is effective modeling of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Runzhong Wang , Junchi Yan , Xiaokang Yang

Quite often real-world networks can be thought of as being symmetric, in the abstract sense that vertices can be found to have similar or equivalent structural roles. However, traditional measures of symmetry in graphs are based on their…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-09-04 Jefferson Elbert Simões , Daniel R. Figueiredo , Valmir C. Barbosa

EDA problems are graph-structured, but not all graph-structured problems call for the same GNN computation. We argue that successful GNN-for-EDA methods are those whose propagation, aggregation, and supervision align with the native algebra…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hyunmog Kim

When two graphs have a correlated Bernoulli distribution, we prove that the alignment strength of their natural bijection strongly converges to a novel measure of graph correlation $\rho_T$ that neatly combines intergraph with intragraph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-22 Donniell E. Fishkind , Lingyao Meng , Ao Sun , Carey E. Priebe , Vince Lyzinski

Degree distribution, or equivalently called degree sequence, has been commonly used to be one of most significant measures for studying a large number of complex networks with which some well-known results have been obtained. By contrast,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-02-19 Fei Ma , Xiaoming Wang , Ping Wang

Classical graph matching aims to find a node correspondence between two unlabeled graphs of known topologies. This problem has a wide range of applications, from matching identities in social networks to identifying similar biological…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Hang Liu , Anna Scaglione , Hoi-To Wai

Pairwise ordered tree alignment are combinatorial objects that appear in RNA secondary structure comparison. However, the usual representation of tree alignments as supertrees is ambiguous, i.e. two distinct supertrees may induce identical…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2016-03-08 Cedric Chauve , Julien Courtiel , Yann Ponty

The alignment strength of a graph matching is a quantity that gives the practitioner a measure of the correlation of the two graphs, and it can also give the practitioner a sense for whether the graph matching algorithm found the true…

Graph pattern matching is a routine process for a wide variety of applications such as social network analysis. It is typically defined in terms of subgraph isomorphism which is NP-Complete. To lower its complexity, many extensions of graph…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-04-13 Houari Mahfoud

In this paper, we consider the problem of testing the equality of two multivariate distributions based on geometric graphs constructed using the interpoint distances between the observations. These include the tests based on the minimum…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-03-03 Bhaswar B. Bhattacharya

Group testing, a problem with diverse applications across multiple disciplines, traditionally assumes independence across nodes' states. Recent research, however, focuses on real-world scenarios that often involve correlations among nodes,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Hesam Nikpey , Saswati Sarkar , Shirin Saeedi Bidokhti

One of the first steps in applications of statistical network analysis is frequently to produce summary charts of important features of the network. Many of these features take the form of sequences of graph statistics counting the number…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-14 Jonathan R. Stewart

With a long history of traditional Graph Anomaly Detection (GAD) algorithms and recently popular Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), it is still not clear (1) how they perform under a standard comprehensive setting, (2) whether GNNs can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Jianheng Tang , Fengrui Hua , Ziqi Gao , Peilin Zhao , Jia Li

In a previous work, we gave a metric on the class of semibinary tree-sibling time consistent phylogenetic networks that is computable in polynomial time; in particular, the problem of deciding if two networks of this kind are isomorphic is…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2009-02-27 Gabriel Cardona , Merce Llabres , Francesc Rossello , Gabriel Valiente

In the random geometric graph model $\mathsf{Geo}_d(n,p)$, we identify each of our $n$ vertices with an independently and uniformly sampled vector from the $d$-dimensional unit sphere, and we connect pairs of vertices whose vectors are…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-11-23 Siqi Liu , Sidhanth Mohanty , Tselil Schramm , Elizabeth Yang

Given an undirected measurement graph $G = ([n], E)$, the classical angular synchronization problem consists of recovering unknown angles $\theta_1,\dots,\theta_n$ from a collection of noisy pairwise measurements of the form $(\theta_i -…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-06 Mihai Cucuringu , Hemant Tyagi