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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various professional domains, with their performance typically evaluated through standardized benchmarks. In the financial field, the stringent demands for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Feng Wang , Yiding Sun , Jiaxin Mao , Wei Xue , Danqing Xu

Financial tasks are pivotal to global economic stability; however, their execution faces challenges including labor intensive processes, low error tolerance, data fragmentation, and tool limitations. Although large language models (LLMs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Junzhe Jiang , Chang Yang , Aixin Cui , Sihan Jin , Ruiyu Wang , Bo Li , Xiao Huang , Dongning Sun , Xinrun Wang

Reinforcement learning competitions have formed the basis for standard research benchmarks, galvanized advances in the state-of-the-art, and shaped the direction of the field. Despite this, a majority of challenges suffer from the same…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved state-of-the-art results in domains such as robotics and games. We build on this previous work by applying RL algorithms to a selection of canonical online stochastic optimization problems with a…

In recent years, many practitioners in quantitative finance have attempted to use Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to build better quantitative trading (QT) strategies. Nevertheless, many existing studies fail to address several serious…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2022-06-14 Zitao Song , Xuyang Jin , Chenliang Li

With the increasing power of computers and the rapid development of self-learning methodologies such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, the problem of constructing an automatic Financial Trading Systems (FTFs) becomes an…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2019-08-29 Haoqian Li , Thomas Lau

Financial AI holds great promise for transforming modern finance, with the potential to support a wide range of tasks such as market forecasting, portfolio management, quantitative trading, and automated analysis. However, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Wentao Zhang , Yilei Zhao , Chuqiao Zong , Xinrun Wang , Bo An

Individual investors are significantly outnumbered and disadvantaged in financial markets, overwhelmed by abundant information and lacking professional analysis. Equity research reports stand out as crucial resources, offering valuable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Xiang Li , Penglei Sun , Wanyun Zhou , Zikai Wei , Yongqi Zhang , Xiaowen Chu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in real-world decision-making across diverse domains, including gaming, robotics, online advertising, public health, and natural language processing. Despite these advances, a…

Applications · Statistics 2026-01-23 Asim H. Gazi , Yongyi Guo , Daiqi Gao , Ziping Xu , Kelly W. Zhang , Susan A. Murphy

Reinforcement learning has demonstrated great potential for performing financial tasks. However, it faces two major challenges: policy instability and sampling bottlenecks. In this paper, we revisit ensemble methods with massively parallel…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Nikolaus Holzer , Keyi Wang , Kairong Xiao , Xiao-Yang Liu Yanglet

The sequential nature of decision-making in financial asset trading aligns naturally with the reinforcement learning (RL) framework, making RL a common approach in this domain. However, the low signal-to-noise ratio in financial markets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Sven Goluža , Tomislav Kovačević , Stjepan Begušić , Zvonko Kostanjčar

In recent years, \emph{Reinforcement Learning} (RL) has made remarkable progress, achieving superhuman performance in a wide range of simulated environments. As research moves toward deploying RL in real-world applications, the field faces…

Financial markets exhibit complex dynamics where localized events trigger ripple effects across entities. Previous event studies, constrained by static single-company analyses and simplistic assumptions, fail to capture these ripple…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yuanjian Xu , Jianing Hao , Kunsheng Tang , Jingnan Chen , Anxian Liu , Peng Liu , Guang Zhang

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) methods show great potential for scaling pre-trained general-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs) to hundreds or thousands of use scenarios. However, their efficacy in high-stakes domains like finance is rarely…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Dannong Wang , Jaisal Patel , Daochen Zha , Steve Y. Yang , Xiao-Yang Liu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for solving decision-making problems in dynamic environments. In this research, we explore the application of Double DQN (DDQN) and Dueling Network Architectures, to financial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Bruno Giorgio

This paper presents a novel risk-sensitive trading agent combining reinforcement learning and large language models (LLMs). We extend the Conditional Value-at-Risk Proximal Policy Optimization (CPPO) algorithm, by adding risk assessment and…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-02-12 Mostapha Benhenda

Although safety stock optimisation has been studied for more than 60 years, most companies still use simplistic means to calculate necessary safety stock levels, partly due to the mismatch between existing analytical methods' emphases on…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Edward Elson Kosasih , Alexandra Brintrup

We introduce FinTral, a suite of state-of-the-art multimodal large language models (LLMs) built upon the Mistral-7b model and tailored for financial analysis. FinTral integrates textual, numerical, tabular, and image data. We enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Gagan Bhatia , El Moatez Billah Nagoudi , Hasan Cavusoglu , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

In recent years, general-purpose large language models (LLMs) such as GPT, Gemini, Claude, and DeepSeek have advanced at an unprecedented pace. Despite these achievements, their application to finance remains challenging, due to fragmented…

This article is a gentle discussion about the field of reinforcement learning in practice, about opportunities and challenges, touching a broad range of topics, with perspectives and without technical details. The article is based on both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Yuxi Li