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This paper presents a new methodology to alleviate the fundamental trade-off between accuracy and latency in spiking neural networks (SNNs). The approach involves decoding confidence information over time from the SNN outputs and using it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Chen Li , Edward Jones , Steve Furber

For a group of autonomous communicating agents, the ability to distinguish a meaningful input from disturbance, and come to collective agreement or disagreement in response to that input, is paramount for carrying out coordinated…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-07 Anastasia Bizyaeva , Timothy Sorochkin , Alessio Franci , Naomi Ehrich Leonard

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) has the ability to extract spatio-temporal features due to their spiking sequence. While previous research has primarily foucus on the classification of image and reinforcement learning. In our paper, we put…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Qianhao Wang , Yinqian Sun , Enmeng Lu , Qian Zhang , Yi Zeng

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are energy-efficient and biologically plausible, ideal for embedded and security-critical systems, yet their adversarial robustness remains open. Existing adversarial attacks often overlook SNNs' bio-plausible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Lingxin Jin , Wei Jiang , Maregu Assefa Habtie , Letian Chen , Jinyu Zhan , Xingzhi Zhou , Lin Zuo , Naoufel Werghi

Even when driven by the same stimulus, neuronal responses are well-known to exhibit a striking level of spiking variability. In-vivo electrophysiological recordings also reveal a surprisingly large degree of variability at the subthreshold…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-19 Logan A. Becker , Francois Baccelli , Thibaud Taillefumier

Understanding cognitive flexibility and task-switching mechanisms in neural systems requires biologically plausible computational models. This tutorial presents a step-by-step approach to constructing a spiking neural network (SNN) that…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-07 Ashwin Viswanathan Kannan , Madhumitha Ganesan

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have captured apparent interest over the recent years, stemming from neuroscience and reaching the field of artificial intelligence. However, due to their nature SNNs remain far behind in achieving the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-22 Katerina Maria Oikonomou , Vasiliki Balaska , Konstantinos A. Tsintotas , Christos N. Mavridis , Ioannis Kansizoglou , Antonios Gasteratos

The success of deep learning in the past decade is partially shrouded in the shadow of adversarial attacks. In contrast, the brain is far more robust at complex cognitive tasks. Utilizing the advantage that neurons in the brain communicate…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-12 Jianhao Ding , Zhaofei Yu , Tiejun Huang , Jian K. Liu

The spiking activity of neocortical neurons exhibits a striking level of variability, even when these networks are driven by identical stimuli. The approximately Poisson firing of neurons has led to the hypothesis that these neural networks…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-29 Logan A. Becker , Baowang Li , Nicholas J. Priebe , Eyal Seidemann , Thibaud Taillefumier

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are brain-inspired mathematical models with the ability to process information in the form of spikes. SNNs are expected to provide not only new machine-learning algorithms, but also energy-efficient…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Yusuke Sakemi , Kai Morino , Takashi Morie , Kazuyuki Aihara

While spiking neural networks (SNNs) provide a biologically inspired and energy-efficient computational framework, their robustness and the dynamic advantages inherent to biological neurons remain significantly underutilized owing to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Qianyi Bai , Haiteng Wang , Qiang Yu

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have incorporated more biologically-plausible structures and learning principles, hence are playing critical roles in bridging the gap between artificial and natural neural networks. The spikes are the sparse…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Xiang Cheng , Tielin Zhang , Shuncheng Jia , Bo Xu

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are bio-inspired networks that process information conveyed as temporal spikes rather than numeric values. A spiking neuron of an SNN only produces a spike whenever a significant number of spikes occur within…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Mathias Gehrig , Sumit Bam Shrestha , Daniel Mouritzen , Davide Scaramuzza

Self-sustained subthreshold oscillations in a discrete-time model of neuronal behavior are considered. We discuss bifurcation scenarios explaining the birth of these oscillations and their transformation into tonic spikes. Specific features…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2009-11-10 Andrey L. Shilnikov , Nikolai F. Rulkov

Deep learning's success comes with growing energy demands, raising concerns about the long-term sustainability of the field. Spiking neural networks, inspired by biological neurons, offer a promising alternative with potential computational…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Adalbert Fono , Manjot Singh , Ernesto Araya , Philipp C. Petersen , Holger Boche , Gitta Kutyniok

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are widely regarded as a biologically-inspired and energy-efficient alternative to classical artificial neural networks. Yet, their theoretical foundations remain only partially understood. In this work, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-29 Umberto Biccari

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), transform neural signals in the brain into in-structions to control external devices. However, obtaining sufficient training data is difficult as well as limited. With the advent of advanced machine…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-02 Shengjie Zheng , Wenyi Li , Lang Qian , Chenggang He , Xiaojian Li

Synergies between advanced communications, computing and artificial intelligence are unraveling new directions of coordinated operation and resiliency in microgrids. On one hand, coordination among sources is facilitated by distributed,…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Xiaoguang Diao , Yubo Song , Subham Sahoo , Yuan Li

Spiking neural networks encode information in spike timing and offer a pathway toward energy efficient artificial intelligence. However, a key challenge in spiking neural networks is realizing nonlinear and expressive computation in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Steven Louis , Hannah Bradley , Artem Litvinenko , Cody Trevillian , Darrin Hanna , Vasyl Tyberkevych

Bio-inspired neuromorphic hardware is a research direction to approach brain's computational power and energy efficiency. Spiking neural networks (SNN) encode information as sparsely distributed spike trains and employ…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Haowem Fang , Amar Shrestha , De Ma , Qinru Qiu