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A validation of the cosmic distance-duality relation (CDDR) is crucial because any observational departure from it could be a signal of new physics. In this work, we explore the potentialities of luminosity distance data from the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-05-01 Xiangyun Fu , Lu Zhou , Jun Chen

General relativity reproduces main current cosmological observations, assuming the validity of cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) at all scales and epochs. However, CDDR is poorly tested in the redshift interval between the farthest…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-08 Xiaogang Zheng , Kai Liao , Marek Biesiada , Shuo Cao , Tong-Hua Liu , Zong-Hong Zhu

We propose and perform a new test of the cosmic distance-duality relation (CDDR), $D_L(z) / D_A(z) (1 + z)^{2} = 1$, where $D_A$ is the angular diameter distance and $D_L$ is the luminosity distance to a given source at redshift $z$, using…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-01 R. F. L. Holanda , V. C. Busti , J. S. Alcaniz

The Etherington reciprocity theorem, or distance duality relation (DDR), relates the mutual scaling of cosmic distances in any metric theory of gravity where photons are massless and propagate on null geodesics. In this paper, we make use…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-19 Fabrizio Renzi , Natalie B. Hogg , William Giarè

We present a model-independent test of anisotropy in the cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR), $D_L=(1+z)^2 D_A$, using the Pantheon+ type Ia supernova sample and baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) data. The angular diameter distance is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-07 Pushty Shrimankar , Gopal Kashyap

The cosmic distance ladder is the succession of techniques by which it is possible to determine distances to astronomical objects. Here, we present a new method to build the cosmic distance ladder, going from local astrophysical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-09 David Camarena , Valerio Marra

We investigate deviations from the cosmic distance duality relation adopting model-dependent and -independent approaches using i) a Taylor expansion, ii) a power-law parameterization, iii) a logarithmic correction, iv) a (2;1) Pad\'e…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-05 Anna Chiara Alfano

In this paper, we carry out an assessment of cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) based on the latest observations of HII galaxies acting as standard candles and ultra-compact structure in radio quasars acting as standard rulers.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-19 Tonghua Liu , Shuo Cao , Sixuan Zhang , Xiaolong Gong , Wuzheng Guo , Chenfa Zheng

We propose a new consistent method to test of the distance-duality (DD) relation which related angular diameter distances (DA) to the luminosity distances (DL) in a cosmology-independent way. In order to avoid any bias brought by redshift…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-08 Nan Liang , Zhengxiang Li , Puxun Wu , Shuo Cao , Kai Liao , Zong-Hong Zhu

We present a joint test of cosmic curvature, $\Omega_{k0}$, and the cosmic distance-duality relation (CDDR) using the Etherington relation, which connects the luminosity and angular diameter distances at the same redshift. In this work, we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-13 Darshan Kumar , Jie Zheng , Zhi-Qiang You , Da-Chun Qiang

Measurements of strong gravitational lensing jointly with type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observations have been used to test the validity of the cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR), $D_L(z)/[(1+z)^2D_A(z)]=\eta=1$, where $D_L(z)$ and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-01 R. F. L. Holanda , V. C. Busti , F. S. Lima , J. S. Alcaniz

One of the most crucial tests of the standard cosmological model consists on testing possible variations on fundamental physical constants. In frameworks such as the minimally extended varying speed of light model (meVSL), the relationship…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-01 Jaiane Santos , Carlos Bengaly , Rodrigo S. Gonçalves

The cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR), expressed as DL(z) = (1 + z)2DA(z), plays an important role in modern cosmology. In this paper, we propose a new method of testing CDDR using strongly lensed gravitational wave (SLGW) signals.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-28 Shun-Jia Huang , En-Kun Li , Jian-dong Zhang , Xian Chen , Zucheng Gao , Xin-yi Lin , Yi-Ming Hu

The cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR), expressed as $d_L(z) = (1+z)^2 D_A(z)$, is a fundamental relation in modern cosmology. In this work, we apply a method to test the CDDR using simulated strongly lensed gravitational-wave (SLGW)…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-25 Yong Yuan , Minghui Du , Benyang Zhu , Xin-yi Lin , Wen-Fan Feng , Peng Xu , Xilong Fan

In this paper, we propose an accurate test of the distance-duality (DD) relation, $\eta=D_{L}(z)(1+z)^{-2}/D_{A}(z)=1$ (where $D_{L}$ and $D_{A}$ are the luminosity distances and angular diameter distances, respectively), with a combination…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Shuo Cao , Nan Liang

We carry out a test of the fundamental Etherington relation (cosmic distance duality relation) which relates the luminosity distance $D_{\rm L}$ and angular diameter distance $D_{\rm A}$ in metric theories of gravity. We use the latest…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-06 Sourav Das , Surhud More , Shadab Alam

The distance-duality relation (DDR) between the luminosity distance $D_L$ and the angular diameter distance $D_A$ is viewed as a powerful tool for testing for the opacity of the Universe, being independent of any cosmological model. It was…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-22 Vaclav Vavrycuk , Pavel Kroupa

Deviations from the so-called {\it cosmic distance duality relation} may result from systematic errors in distance measurements or, more interestingly, hint at new physics. Further, it can also be related to the Hubble constant tension…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-12 Anna Chiara Alfano , Carlo Cafaro , Salvatore Capozziello , Orlando Luongo , Marco Muccino

Cosmological distances are fundamental observables in cosmology. The luminosity ($D_L$), angular diameter ($D_A$) and gravitational wave ($D_{\rm GW}$) distances are all trivially related in General Relativity assuming no significant…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-07 Isabela Matos , Miguel Quartin , Luca Amendola , Martin Kunz , Riccardo Sturani

The cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) is a fundamental assumption in cosmological studies. Given the redshift $z$, it relates luminosity distance $D^L$ with angular diameter distance $D^A$ through $(1+z)^2D^A/D^L\equiv1$. Many efforts…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-04 Kai Liao