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Increasing the throughput of the Transformer architecture, a foundational component used in numerous state-of-the-art models for vision and language tasks (e.g., GPT, LLaVa), is an important problem in machine learning. One recent and…

In Transformer architectures, tokens\textemdash discrete units derived from raw data\textemdash are formed by segmenting inputs into fixed-length chunks. Each token is then mapped to an embedding, enabling parallel attention computations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhenglun Kong , Yize Li , Fanhu Zeng , Lei Xin , Shvat Messica , Xue Lin , Pu Zhao , Manolis Kellis , Hao Tang , Marinka Zitnik

While vision transformers have achieved impressive results, effectively and efficiently accelerating these models can further boost performances. In this work, we propose a dense/sparse training framework to obtain a unified model, enabling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Ling Li , David Thorsley , Joseph Hassoun

Deploying pre-trained transformer models like BERT on downstream tasks in resource-constrained scenarios is challenging due to their high inference cost, which grows rapidly with input sequence length. In this work, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Junyan Li , Li Lyna Zhang , Jiahang Xu , Yujing Wang , Shaoguang Yan , Yunqing Xia , Yuqing Yang , Ting Cao , Hao Sun , Weiwei Deng , Qi Zhang , Mao Yang

Adversarial patches are physically realizable localized noise, which are able to hijack Vision Transformers (ViT) self-attention, pulling focus toward a small, high-contrast region and corrupting the class token to force confident…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Nandish Chattopadhyay , Anadi Goyal , Chandan Karfa , Anupam Chattopadhyay

In Vision Language Models (VLMs), vision tokens are quantity-heavy yet information-dispersed compared with language tokens, thus consume too much unnecessary computation. Pruning redundant vision tokens for high VLM inference efficiency has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Guangyuan Li , Rongzhen Zhao , Jinhong Deng , Yanbo Wang , Joni Pajarinen

Vision transformers have established a precedent of patchifying images into uniformly-sized chunks before processing. We hypothesize that this design choice may limit models in learning comprehensive and compositional representations from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Neha Kalibhat , Priyatham Kattakinda , Sumit Nawathe , Arman Zarei , Nikita Seleznev , Samuel Sharpe , Senthil Kumar , Soheil Feizi

While Vision Transformers (ViT) have demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse tasks, their computational demands are substantial, scaling quadratically with the number of processed tokens. Compact attention representations,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Oded Schlesinger , Amirhossein Farzam , J. Matias Di Martino , Guillermo Sapiro

Vision Transformer (ViT)-based sparse multi-view 3D object detectors have achieved remarkable accuracy but still suffer from high inference latency due to heavy token processing. To accelerate these models, token compression has been widely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Mingqian Ji , Shanshan Zhang , Jian Yang

Transformer-based models have become the state of the art across multiple domains, from natural language processing to machine listening, thanks to the attention mechanisms. However, the attention layers require a large number of parameters…

Image token removal is an efficient augmentation strategy for reducing the cost of computing image features. However, this efficient augmentation strategy has been found to adversely affect the accuracy of CLIP-based training. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yifan Yang , Weiquan Huang , Yixuan Wei , Houwen Peng , Xinyang Jiang , Huiqiang Jiang , Fangyun Wei , Yin Wang , Han Hu , Lili Qiu , Yuqing Yang

In this paper, we introduce PruneVid, a visual token pruning method designed to enhance the efficiency of multi-modal video understanding. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising performance in video tasks due to their extended…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Xiaohu Huang , Hao Zhou , Kai Han

Efficient inference in Large Vision-Language Models is constrained by the high cost of processing thousands of visual tokens, yet it remains unclear which tokens and computations can be safely removed. While attention scores are commonly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Samyak Jha , Junho Kim

In large vision-language models, visual tokens typically constitute the majority of input tokens, leading to substantial computational overhead. To address this, recent studies have explored pruning redundant or less informative visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Sangin Lee , Yukyung Choi

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have achieved remarkable success in various computer vision tasks. However, ViTs have a huge computational cost due to their inherent reliance on multi-head self-attention (MHSA), prompting efforts to accelerate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Seungdong Yoa , Seungjun Lee , Hyeseung Cho , Bumsoo Kim , Woohyung Lim

KV cache pruning has emerged as a promising technique for reducing memory and computation costs in long-context auto-regressive generation. Existing methods for vision-language models (VLMs) typically rely on self-attention scores from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Xiaohuan Pei , Tao Huang , Chang Xu

Large multimodal models (LMMs) often suffer from severe inference inefficiency due to the large number of visual tokens introduced by image encoders. While recent token compression methods, such as pruning and merging, have shown promise in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Tianfan Peng , Yuntao Du , Pengzhou Ji , Shijie Dong , Kailin Jiang , Mingchuan Ma , Yijun Tian , Jinhe Bi , Qian Li , Wei Du , Feng Xiao , Lizhen Cui

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) rely on dense visual tokens to capture fine-grained visual information, but processing all these tokens incurs substantial computational and memory overhead during inference. To address this issue, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Xu Li , Yi Zheng , Yuxuan Liang , Zhe Liu , Xiaolei Chen , Haotian Chen , Rui Zhu , Xiangyang Xue

We introduce PRANCE, a Vision Transformer compression framework that jointly optimizes the activated channels and reduces tokens, based on the characteristics of inputs. Specifically, PRANCE~ leverages adaptive token optimization strategies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Ye Li , Chen Tang , Yuan Meng , Jiajun Fan , Zenghao Chai , Xinzhu Ma , Zhi Wang , Wenwu Zhu

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance on various vision tasks. However, ViTs' self-attention module is still arguably a major bottleneck, limiting their achievable hardware efficiency. Meanwhile, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Haoran You , Zhanyi Sun , Huihong Shi , Zhongzhi Yu , Yang Zhao , Yongan Zhang , Chaojian Li , Baopu Li , Yingyan Celine Lin