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We have developed a theoretical formalism to introduce temperature as a parameter into the framework of non-relativistic quantum mechanics using the laws of classical thermodynamics and the canonical ensemble scheme of statistical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-08 Ashkan Shekaari , Mahmoud Jafari

It is proposed that the ability for a quantum circuit to thermalize under time evolution is a valid way to compute linear algebra problems. The algorithm makes use of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis and full ergodicity in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Thomas E. Baker

We investigate the thermalization of a stochastic system with discrete phase space, initially at equilibrium at temperature $T_i$ and then termalizing in an environment at temperature $T_f$ , considering both cases $T_i > T_f$ and $T_i <…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-08-05 A. Imparato

An intriguing phenomenon in non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics is the asymmetry of thermal processes. Relaxation to thermal equilibrium is the most important dissipative process, being a key concept for the design of heat engines and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-09 Álvaro Tejero , Rafael Sánchez , Laiachi El Kaoutit , Daniel Manzano , Antonio Lasanta

We consider the concept of temperature in a setting beyond the standard thermodynamics prescriptions. Namely, rather than restricting to standard coarse-grained measurements, we consider observers able to master any possible quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-19 Alessandro Ferraro , Artur Garcia-Saez , Antonio Acin

Why is thermalisation a universal phenomenon? How does a quantum system reach thermodynamical equilibrium? These questions are not new, dating even from the very birth of quantum theory and have been the subject of a renewed interest over…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-05 Grégoire Ithier , Florent Benaych-Georges

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), which dictates that all diagonal matrix elements within a small energy shell be almost equal, is a major candidate to explain thermalization in isolated quantum systems. According to the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-02-27 Ryusuke Hamazaki , Masahito Ueda

Understanding how out-of-equilibrium states thermalize under quantum unitary dynamics is an important problem in many-body physics. In this work, we propose a statistical ansatz for the matrix elements of non-equilibrium initial states in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-30 Laura Foini , Anatoly Dymarsky , Silvia Pappalardi

It is analytically shown that the asymptotic correlations in exactly solvable models following a quantum quench can behave essentially as thermal correlations provided the entanglement between two eigenmodes is sufficiently strong. We…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-04 Ming-Chiang Chung , Anibal Iucci , Miguel. A. Cazalilla

A coarse-grained version of the effective action is used to study the thermodynamics of black holes, interpolating from largest to smallest masses. The physical parameter of the black hole are linked to the running couplings by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-04-23 Kevin Falls , Daniel F. Litim

We consider a quantum system A U B made up of degrees of freedom that can be partitioned into spatially disjoint regions A and B. When the full system is in a pure state in which regions A and B are entangled, the quantum mechanics of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-11-27 Vedika Khemani , Anushya Chandran , Hyungwon Kim , S. L. Sondhi

In the current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum era, noise is widely regarded as the primary obstacle to achieving fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, certain stages of the quantum computing pipeline can, in fact, benefit from this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 Sameer Dambal , Yu Zhang , Eric R Bittner , Pavan Hosur

By calculating correlation functions for the Lieb-Liniger model based on the algebraic Bethe ansatz method, we conduct a finite-size scaling analysis of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) which is considered to be a possible…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-04-06 Tatsuhiko N. Ikeda , Yu Watanabe , Masahito Ueda

If we prepare an isolated, interacting quantum system in an eigenstate and perturb a local observable at an initial time, its expectation value will relax towards a thermal expectation value, even though the time evolution of the system is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Tobias Helbig , Tobias Hofmann , Ronny Thomale , Martin Greiter

We discuss how the thermalization of an elementary quantum system is modified when the system is placed in an environment out of thermal equilibrium. To this aim we provide a detailed investigation of the dynamics of an atomic system placed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-16 Bruno Bellomo , Riccardo Messina , Didier Felbacq , Mauro Antezza

We discuss what kind of quantum channels can enable thermalization processes. We show that in order to determine a system's temperature, a thermometer needs to dynamically gain information about the system's local Hamiltonian and not just…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-09 Daniel Grimmer , Robert B. Mann , Eduardo Martin-Martinez

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis explains thermalization in isolated quantum systems through the statistical properties of observables in the energy eigenbasis. We investigate the crossover from integrability to chaos in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Shivam Mishra , C Jisha , Ravi Prakash

Quantum thermalization describes how interacting quantum systems relax toward thermal equilibrium, a central problem in modern physics. Yet most experimental information on many-body systems comes from short-time transition spectroscopy,…

Quantum thermalization in contemporary quantum devices, in particular quantum computers, has recently attracted significant theoretical interest. Unusual thermalization processes, such as the Quantum Mpemba Effect (QME), have been explored…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-05 Marc Espinosa Edo , Lian-Ao Wu

If and how an isolated quantum system thermalizes despite its unitary time evolution is a long-standing, open problem of many-body physics. The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) postulates that thermalization happens at the level…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2018-11-06 Anna Posazhennikova , Mauricio Trujillo-Martinez , Johann Kroha