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Large language models (LLMs) utilize key-value (KV) cache to store historical information during sequence processing. The size of KV cache grows linearly as the length of the sequence extends, which seriously affects memory usage and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Yijun Liu , Yixuan Wang , Yuzhuang Xu , Shiyu Ji , Yang Xu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Recent large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance on general-purpose text embedding tasks. While dense embeddings have dominated related research, we introduce the first lexicon-based embeddings (LENS) leveraging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yibin Lei , Tao Shen , Yu Cao , Andrew Yates

Quantum Extreme Learning Machine (QELM) is an emerging hybrid quantum machine learning framework that leverages quantum system dynamics to enhance classical models. However, QELM can suffer from the exponential concentration problem, where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Payal D. Solanki , Anh Pham

Large-scale multi-modal deep learning models have revolutionized domains such as healthcare, highlighting the importance of computational power. However, in resource-constrained regions like Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), limited…

The use of pretrained embeddings has become widespread in modern e-commerce machine learning (ML) systems. In practice, however, we have encountered several key issues when using pretrained embedding in a real-world production system, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Da Xu , Bo Yang

Embeddings have become a pivotal means to represent complex, multi-faceted information about entities, concepts, and relationships in a condensed and useful format. Nevertheless, they often preclude direct interpretation. While downstream…

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) is promising and LLMs have been applied to numerous fields. However, it is not trivial to implement LLMs in the medical field, due to the high standards for precision and accuracy. Currently, the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Rishabh Goel

The key-value (KV) cache is a foundational optimization in Transformer-based large language models (LLMs), eliminating redundant recomputation of past token representations during autoregressive generation. However, its memory footprint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yichun Xu , Navjot K. Khaira , Tejinder Singh

Key-value (KV) caching is widely used to accelerate transformer inference, but its memory cost grows linearly with input length, limiting long-context deployment. Existing token eviction methods reduce memory by discarding less important…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Ruijie Miao , Zhiming Wang , Wang Li , Shiwei Wu , Shufan Liu , Yanbing Jiang , Tong Yang

Deep Learning (DL) has had an immense success in the recent past, leading to state-of-the-art results in various domains such as image recognition and natural language processing. One of the reasons for this success is the increasing size…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Ruben Mayer , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

Large Language Models (LLMs) confront significant memory challenges due to the escalating KV cache with increasing sequence length. As a crucial technique, existing cross-layer KV cache sharing methods either necessitate modified model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yixuan Wang , Haoyu Qiao , Lujun Li , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Instruction tuning is widely used to improve a pre-trained Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) by training it on curated task-specific datasets, enabling better comprehension of human instructions. However, it is infeasible to collect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Haiyang Guo , Fanhu Zeng , Ziwei Xiang , Fei Zhu , Da-Han Wang , Xu-Yao Zhang , Cheng-Lin Liu

Modern data lakes have emerged as foundational platforms for large-scale machine learning, enabling flexible storage of heterogeneous data and structured analytics through table-oriented abstractions. Despite their growing importance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Feiyu Pan , Tianbin Zhang , Aoqian Zhang , Yu Sun , Zheng Wang , Lixing Chen , Li Pan , Jianhua Li

Recommender systems have become an essential component of many online platforms, providing personalized recommendations to users. A crucial aspect is embedding techniques that convert the high-dimensional discrete features, such as user and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Maolin Wang , Xinjian Zhao , Wanyu Wang , Sheng Zhang , Jiansheng Li , Bowen Yu , Binhao Wang , Shucheng Zhou , Dawei Yin , Qing Li , Ruocheng Guo , Xiangyu Zhao

Despite the remarkable progress of Large Language Models (LLMs), the escalating memory footprint of the Key-Value (KV) cache remains a critical bottleneck for efficient inference. While dimensionality reduction offers a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Liming Lu , Kaixi Qiu , Jiayu Zhou , Jushi Kai , Haoyan Zhang , Huanyu Wang , Jingwen Leng , Ziwei He , Zhouhan Lin

The rise of artificial intelligence and data science across industries underscores the pressing need for effective management and governance of machine learning (ML) models. Traditional approaches to ML models management often involve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Moncef Garouani , Franck Ravat , Nathalie Valles-Parlangeau

Multi-label learning is a rapidly growing research area that aims to predict multiple labels from a single input data point. In the era of big data, tasks involving multi-label classification (MLC) or ranking present significant and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Adane Nega Tarekegn , Mohib Ullah , Faouzi Alaya Cheikh

Multiple Kernel Learning, or MKL, extends (kernelized) SVM by attempting to learn not only a classifier/regressor but also the best kernel for the training task, usually from a combination of existing kernel functions. Most MKL methods seek…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-07 John Moeller , Sarathkrishna Swaminathan , Suresh Venkatasubramanian

We propose IR2Vec, a Concise and Scalable encoding infrastructure to represent programs as a distributed embedding in continuous space. This distributed embedding is obtained by combining representation learning methods with flow…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-12-25 S. VenkataKeerthy , Rohit Aggarwal , Shalini Jain , Maunendra Sankar Desarkar , Ramakrishna Upadrasta , Y. N. Srikant

The Massive Text Embedding Benchmark (MTEB) has become a standard evaluation platform for text embedding models. While previous work has established the core benchmark methodology, this paper focuses on the engineering aspects that ensure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Isaac Chung , Imene Kerboua , Marton Kardos , Roman Solomatin , Kenneth Enevoldsen