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Withtherapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), the context length for inference has been continuously increasing, leading to an exponential growth in the demand for Key-Value (KV) caching. This has resulted in a significant…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Yanyu Liu , Jingying Fu , Sixiang Liu , Yitian Zou , You Fu , Jiehan Zhou , Shouhua Zhang

In the field of instruction-following large vision-language models (LVLMs), the efficient deployment of these models faces challenges, notably due to the high memory demands of their key-value (KV) caches. Conventional cache management…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Zuyan Liu , Benlin Liu , Jiahui Wang , Yuhao Dong , Guangyi Chen , Yongming Rao , Ranjay Krishna , Jiwen Lu

The development of high-quality text embeddings is increasingly drifting toward an exclusionary future, defined by three critical barriers: prohibitive computational costs, a narrow linguistic focus that neglects most of the world's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Ziyin Zhang , Zihan Liao , Hang Yu , Peng Di , Rui Wang

The significant advancements of Large Language Models (LLMs) in generative tasks have led to a growing body of work exploring LLM-based embedding models. While these models, employing different pooling and attention strategies, have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Yixuan Tang , Yi Yang

The Key-Value (KV) cache is a crucial component in serving transformer-based autoregressive large language models (LLMs), enabling faster inference by storing previously computed KV vectors. However, its memory consumption scales linearly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Rongzhi Zhang , Kuang Wang , Liyuan Liu , Shuohang Wang , Hao Cheng , Chao Zhang , Yelong Shen

Memory-augmented Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capability for complex and long-horizon embodied planning. By keeping track of past experiences and environmental states, memory enables LLMs to maintain a global…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Zebin Yang , Tong Xie , Baotong Lu , Shaoshan Liu , Bo Yu , Meng Li

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities but face substantial serving costs due to their high memory demands, with the key-value (KV) cache being a primary bottleneck. State-of-the-art KV cache compression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yanqi Zhang , Yuwei Hu , Runyuan Zhao , John C. S. Lui , Haibo Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) require substantial computational resources during generation. While the Key-Value (KV) cache significantly accelerates this process by storing attention intermediates, its memory footprint grows linearly with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yi Su , Quantong Qiu , Yuechi Zhou , Juntao Li , Qingrong Xia , Ping Li , Xinyu Duan , Zhefeng Wang , Min Zhang

Representation learning is a fundamental building block for analyzing entities in a database. While the existing embedding learning methods are effective in various data mining problems, their applicability is often limited because these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Chin-Chia Michael Yeh , Dhruv Gelda , Zhongfang Zhuang , Yan Zheng , Liang Gou , Wei Zhang

Long-context reasoning is a critical capability of large language models (LLMs), enabling applications such as long-document understanding, summarization, and code generation. However, efficient autoregressive inference relies on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zahra Dehghanighobadi , Asja Fischer

Log-Structured Merge-tree-based Key-Value Store (LSM-KVS) is a foundational storage engine serving diverse modern workloads, systems, and applications. To suit varying use cases, LSM-KVS allows a vast configuration space that controls core…

Federated Learning is a fast growing area of ML where the training datasets are extremely distributed, all while dynamically changing over time. Models need to be trained on clients' devices without any guarantees for either homogeneity or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Tae Jin Park , Kenichi Kumatani , Dimitrios Dimitriadis

Leveraging machine-learning (ML) techniques for compiler optimizations has been widely studied and explored in academia. However, the adoption of ML in general-purpose, industry strength compilers has yet to happen. We propose MLGO, a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Mircea Trofin , Yundi Qian , Eugene Brevdo , Zinan Lin , Krzysztof Choromanski , David Li

Deep learning recommendation models (DLRM) rely on large embedding tables to manage categorical sparse features. Expanding such embedding tables can significantly enhance model performance, but at the cost of increased GPU/CPU/memory usage.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Qinlong Wang , Tingfeng Lan , Yinghao Tang , Ziling Huang , Yiheng Du , Haitao Zhang , Jian Sha , Hui Lu , Yuanchun Zhou , Ke Zhang , Mingjie Tang

The increased use of deep learning (DL) in academia, government and industry has, in turn, led to the popularity of on-premise and cloud-hosted deep learning platforms, whose goals are to enable organizations utilize expensive resources…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Vaibhav Saxena , K. R. Jayaram , Saurav Basu , Yogish Sabharwal , Ashish Verma

Large language models (LLMs) are widely deployed with rapidly expanding context windows to support increasingly demanding applications. However, long contexts pose significant deployment challenges, primarily due to the KV cache whose size…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Guangda Liu , Chengwei Li , Zhenyu Ning , Jing Lin , Yiwu Yao , Danning Ke , Minyi Guo , Jieru Zhao

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved significant multimodal generation capabilities, akin to GPT-4. These models predominantly map visual information into language representation space, leveraging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Yunxin Li , Zhenyu Liu , Baotian Hu , Wei Wang , Yuxin Ding , Xiaochun Cao , Min Zhang

Existing distributed machine learning (DML) systems focus on improving the computational efficiency of distributed learning, whereas communication aspects have received less attention. Many DML systems treat the network as a blackbox. Thus,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Raajay Viswanathan , Aditya Akella

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential across a wide range of practical applications. However, long-context inference remains a significant challenge due to the substantial memory requirements…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Bo Jiang , Taolue Yang , Youyuan Liu , Xubin He , Sheng Di , Sian Jin

Recent large vision-language models (LVLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in processing extended multi-modal sequences, yet the resulting key-value (KV) cache expansion creates a critical memory bottleneck that fundamentally limits…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Xuyang Liu , Xiyan Gui , Yuchao Zhang , Linfeng Zhang