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In this paper, we propose cautious policy programming (CPP), a novel value-based reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm that can ensure monotonic policy improvement during learning. Based on the nature of entropy-regularized RL, we derive a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Lingwei Zhu , Toshinori Kitamura , Takamitsu Matsubara

Current advancements in reinforcement learning (RL) have predominantly focused on learning step-based policies that generate actions for each perceived state. While these methods efficiently leverage step information from environmental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Ge Li , Hongyi Zhou , Dominik Roth , Serge Thilges , Fabian Otto , Rudolf Lioutikov , Gerhard Neumann

Recent advances in stochastic differential equations (SDEs) have enabled robust modeling of real-world dynamical processes across diverse domains, such as finance, health, and systems biology. However, parameter estimation for SDEs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Long Van Tran , Truyen Tran , Phuoc Nguyen

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a powerful paradigm for optimizing large language models (LLMs) to handle complex reasoning tasks. A core challenge in this process lies in managing policy entropy, which reflects the balance between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Zhenpeng Su , Leiyu Pan , Minxuan Lv , Yuntao Li , Wenping Hu , Fuzheng Zhang , Kun Gai , Guorui Zhou

This paper presents a new formulation for model-free robust optimal regulation of continuous-time nonlinear systems. The proposed reinforcement learning based approach, referred to as incremental adaptive dynamic programming (IADP),…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-25 Cong Li , Yongchao Wang , Fangzhou Liu , Qingchen Liu , Martin Buss

We address the problem of safety verification for nonlinear stochastic systems, specifically the task of certifying that system trajectories remain within a safe set with high probability. To tackle this challenge, we adopt a set-erosion…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-06 Zishun Liu , Saber Jafarpour , Yongxin Chen

As Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) scale up and reinforcement learning (RL) methods mature, LMMs have made notable progress in complex reasoning and decision making. Yet training still relies on static data and fixed recipes, making it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hongrui Jia , Chaoya Jiang , Yongrui Heng , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

We consider a structural stochastic volatility model for the loss from a large portfolio of credit risky assets. Both the asset value and the volatility processes are correlated through systemic Brownian motions, with default determined by…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Ben Hambly , Nikolaos Kolliopoulos

A key aspect of Safe Reinforcement Learning (Safe RL) involves estimating the constraint condition for the next policy, which is crucial for guiding the optimization of safe policy updates. However, the existing Advantage-based Estimation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Juntao Dai , Yaodong Yang , Qian Zheng , Gang Pan

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is a promising approach for developing legged locomotion skills. However, the iterative design process that is inevitable in practice is poorly supported by the default methodology. It is difficult to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-03-25 Zhaoming Xie , Patrick Clary , Jeremy Dao , Pedro Morais , Jonathan Hurst , Michiel van de Panne

Reinforcement learning (RL) plays a crucial role in shaping the behavior of large language and reasoning models (LLMs/LRMs). However, it often produces brittle and unstable policies, leading to critical failures such as spurious reasoning,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Xingcheng Xu

Class-incremental learning is dedicated to the development of deep learning models that are capable of acquiring new knowledge while retaining previously learned information. Most methods focus on balanced data distribution for each task,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Linjie Li , Zhenyu Wu , Jiaming Liu , Yang Ji

Causal discovery is a data-driven paradigm for analyzing complex systems, while physics-based models, such as ordinary differential equations (ODEs), provide mechanistic structure for real-world dynamical processes. Integrating these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Jianhong Chen , Naichen Shi , Xubo Yue

We introduce a Bayesian (deep) model-based reinforcement learning method (RoMBRL) that can capture model uncertainty to achieve sample-efficient policy optimisation. We propose to formulate the model-based policy optimisation problem as a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Tai Hoang , Ngo Anh Vien

Integrating model-free and model-based approaches in reinforcement learning has the potential to achieve the high performance of model-free algorithms with low sample complexity. However, this is difficult because an imperfect dynamics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Jacob Buckman , Danijar Hafner , George Tucker , Eugene Brevdo , Honglak Lee

We consider the problem of learning an unknown Markov Decision Process (MDP) that is weakly communicating in the infinite horizon setting. We propose a Thompson Sampling-based reinforcement learning algorithm with dynamic episodes (TSDE).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-15 Yi Ouyang , Mukul Gagrani , Ashutosh Nayyar , Rahul Jain

Imitation learning is a data-driven approach to learning policies from expert behavior, but it is prone to unreliable outcomes in out-of-sample (OOS) regions. While previous research relying on stable dynamical systems guarantees…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Amin Abyaneh , Mahrokh G. Boroujeni , Hsiu-Chin Lin , Giancarlo Ferrari-Trecate

Model-free deep-reinforcement-based learning algorithms have been applied to a range of COPs~\cite{bello2016neural}~\cite{kool2018attention}~\cite{nazari2018reinforcement}. However, these approaches suffer from two key challenges when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Nasrin Sultana , Jeffrey Chan , Tabinda Sarwar , A. K. Qin

We develop methods for estimating how infinitesimal policy changes affect long-term outcomes in dynamic systems. We show that dynamic marginal policy effects (MPEs) can be identified via tractable reduced-form expressions, and can be…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-26 I-han Lai , Stefan Wager

The difficulty of exploring and training online on real production systems limits the scope of real-time online data/feedback-driven decision making. The most feasible approach is to adopt offline reinforcement learning from limited…