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Recent advancements in AI safety have led to increased efforts in training and red-teaming large language models (LLMs) to mitigate unsafe content generation. However, these safety mechanisms may not be comprehensive, leaving potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Emet Bethany , Mazal Bethany , Juan Arturo Nolazco Flores , Sumit Kumar Jha , Peyman Najafirad

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained with safety alignment to prevent generating malicious content. Although some attacks have highlighted vulnerabilities in these safety-aligned LLMs, they typically have limitations, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jesson Wang , Zhanhao Hu , David Wagner

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across natural language tasks and are increasingly deployed in real-world applications. Despite extensive safety alignment efforts, recent studies show that such alignment is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yinzhi Zhao , Ming Wang , Shi Feng , Xiaocui Yang , Daling Wang , Yifei Zhang

Despite extensive alignment efforts, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. To mitigate these risks, existing detection methods are essential, yet they face two major challenges: generalization and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Shuang Liang , Zhihao Xu , Jiaqi Weng , Jialing Tao , Hui Xue , Xiting Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse applications but remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, where attackers craft prompts that bypass safety alignment and elicit unsafe responses. Among existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zhi Xu , Jiaqi Li , Xiaotong Zhang , Hong Yu , Han Liu

Large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to sophisticated prompt engineering attacks that exploit contextual framing to bypass safety mechanisms, posing significant risks in cybersecurity applications. We introduce Jailbreak Mimicry,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Pavlos Ntais

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are now a core part of modern AI. Recent work proposed several visual jailbreak attacks using single/ holistic images. However, contemporary VLMs demonstrate strong robustness against such attacks due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Md Rafi Ur Rashid , MD Sadik Hossain Shanto , Vishnu Asutosh Dasu , Shagufta Mehnaz

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various tasks and have been extensively utilized by the public. However, the increasing concerns regarding the misuse of LLMs, such as plagiarism and spamming, have led to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Ning Lu , Shengcai Liu , Rui He , Qi Wang , Yew-Soon Ong , Ke Tang

We have uncovered a powerful jailbreak technique that leverages large language models' ability to diverge from prior context, enabling them to bypass safety constraints and generate harmful outputs. By simply instructing the LLM to deviate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Weiliang Zhao , Daniel Ben-Levi , Wei Hao , Junfeng Yang , Chengzhi Mao

Despite extensive safety-tuning, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks via adversarially crafted instructions, reflecting a persistent trade-off between safety and task performance. In this work, we propose…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Wei Jie Yeo , Ranjan Satapathy , Erik Cambria

Text-to-Image models may generate harmful content, such as pornographic images, particularly when unsafe prompts are submitted. To address this issue, safety filters are often added on top of text-to-image models, or the models themselves…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Zhengyuan Jiang , Yuepeng Hu , Yuchen Yang , Yinzhi Cao , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly enhanced the naturalness and flexibility of human computer interaction by enabling seamless understanding across text, vision, and audio modalities. Among these,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Binhao Ma , Hanqing Guo , Zhengping Jay Luo , Rui Duan

Multi-turn jailbreak attacks have proven effective against text-only large language models (LLMs), where malicious content is gradually introduced to bypass safety alignment. However, effectively extending such attacks to large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 In Chong Choi , Jiacheng Zhang , Feng Liu , Yiliao Song

Vision language models (VLMs) extend the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) to cross-modal settings, yet remain highly vulnerable to multimodal jailbreak attacks. Existing defenses predominantly rely on safety…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mengxuan Wang , Yuxin Chen , Gang Xu , Tao He , Hongjie Jiang , Ming Li

Intent-obfuscation-based jailbreak attacks on multimodal large language models (MLLMs) transform a harmful query into a concealed multimodal input to bypass safety mechanisms. We show that such attacks are governed by a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Md Farhamdur Reza , Richeng Jin , Tianfu Wu , Huaiyu Dai

Jailbreaking attacks can effectively manipulate open-source large language models (LLMs) to produce harmful responses. However, these attacks exhibit limited transferability, failing to disrupt proprietary LLMs consistently. To reliably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Runqi Lin , Bo Han , Fengwang Li , Tongling Liu

In this paper, we study the harmlessness alignment problem of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). We conduct a systematic empirical analysis of the harmlessness performance of representative MLLMs and reveal that the image input poses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Yifan Li , Hangyu Guo , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly vulnerable to a sophisticated form of adversarial prompting known as camouflaged jailbreaking. This method embeds malicious intent within seemingly benign language to evade existing safety…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Youjia Zheng , Mohammad Zandsalimy , Shanu Sushmita

Existing attacks against multimodal language models (MLLMs) primarily communicate instructions through text accompanied by adversarial images. In contrast, we exploit the capabilities of MLLMs to interpret non-textual instructions,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiahui Geng , Thy Thy Tran , Preslav Nakov , Iryna Gurevych

Multi-Modal Language Models (MLLMs) have transformed artificial intelligence by combining visual and text data, making applications like image captioning, visual question answering, and multi-modal content creation possible. This ability to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Pete Janowczyk , Linda Laurier , Ave Giulietta , Arlo Octavia , Meade Cleti
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