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As large language models (LLMs) become high-privilege agents in risk-sensitive settings, they introduce systemic threats beyond hallucination, where minor compliance errors can cause critical data leaks. However, existing benchmarks focus…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Jinru Ding , Chao Ding , Yidong Jiang , Wenrao Pang , Boyi Xiao , Zhiqiang Liu , Jiayuan Chen , Yun Zhong , Tiantian Yuan , Junming Guan , Dawei Cheng , Jie Xu

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) have become the weak spot of our economy for cyber attacks. These companies are large in number and often do not have the controls in place to prevent successful attacks, respectively are not…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Alireza Shojaifar , Samuel A. Fricker , Martin Gwerder

Unlocking the potential of Industry 5.0 hinges on robust cybersecurity measures. This new Industrial Revolution prioritises human-centric values while addressing pressing societal issues such as resource conservation, climate change, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Bruno Santos , Rogério Luís C. Costa , Leonel Santos

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to assist developers with code, yet their implementations of cryptographic functionality often contain exploitable flaws. Minor design choices (e.g., static initialization vectors or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Max Manolov , Tony Gao , Siddharth Shukla , Cheng-Ting Chou , Ryan Lagasse

Setting out a path to use quantum computing within a company is not as straightforward as the implementation of classical ICT-projects. The technology is fundamentally different and not mature yet, which makes the development and use…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Marten Teitsma , Iftikhar Ahmed , Julian van Velzen

The vulnerability of cyber-physical systems to cyber attack is well known, and the requirement to build cyber resilience into these systems has been firmly established. The key challenge this paper addresses is that maturing this discipline…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Jason E. Ellis , Travis W. Parker , Joachim Vandekerckhove , Brian J. Murphy , Sidney Smith , Alexander Kott , Michael J. Weisman

Secure resource management (SRM) within a cloud computing environment is a critical yet infrequently studied research topic. This paper provides a comprehensive survey and comparative performance evaluation of potential cyber threat…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Deepika Saxena , Smruti Rekha Swain , Jatinder Kumar , Sakshi Patni , Kishu Gupta , Ashutosh Kumar Singh , Volker Lindenstruth

In the highly interconnected digital landscape of today, safeguarding complex infrastructures against cyber threats has become increasingly challenging due to the exponential growth in the number and complexity of vulnerabilities. Resource…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yuning Jiang , Nay Oo , Qiaoran Meng , Hoon Wei Lim , Biplab Sikdar

Quantifying cyber risks is essential for organizations to grasp their vulnerability to threats and make informed decisions. However, current approaches still need to work on blending economic viewpoints to provide insightful analysis. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Muriel Figueredo Franco , Aiatur Rahaman Mullick , Santosh Jha

The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses a significant threat to many current security algorithms used for secure communication, digital authentication, and information encryption. A sufficiently powerful quantum computer could…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Basel Halak , Cristian Sebastian Csete , Edward Joyce , Jack Papaioannou , Alexandre Pires , Jin Soma , Betul Gokkaya , Michael Murphy

Large Language Models increasingly power critical infrastructure from healthcare to finance, yet their vulnerability to adversarial manipulation threatens system integrity and user safety. Despite growing deployment, no comprehensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Taiwo Onitiju , Iman Vakilinia

In this paper, we investigate the feasibility and physical consequences of cyber attacks against energy management systems (EMS). Within this framework, we have designed a complete simulation platform to emulate realistic EMS operations: it…

The present paper shows a proposal of the characteristics Cloud Risk Assessment Models should have and presents the review of the literature considering those characteristics in order to identify current gaps. This work shows a ranking of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Carlos Bendicho

Digital healthcare is essential to facilitate consumers to access and disseminate their medical data easily for enhanced medical care services. However, the significant concern with digitalization across healthcare systems necessitates for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Kishu Gupta , Deepika Saxena , Pooja Rani , Jitendra Kumar , Aaisha Makkar , Ashutosh Kumar Singh , Chung-Nan Lee

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to cybersecurity question answering (QA) for critical tasks such as incident response and vulnerability analysis. However, real-world operational contexts, including system logs and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Matilda Gaddi , Jin Noh , Onat Gungor , Tajana Rosing

As AI systems advance and integrate into society, well-designed and transparent evaluations are becoming essential tools in AI governance, informing decisions by providing evidence about system capabilities and risks. Yet there remains a…

The incremental diffusion of machine learning algorithms in supporting cybersecurity is creating novel defensive opportunities but also new types of risks. Multiple researches have shown that machine learning methods are vulnerable to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Giovanni Apruzzese , Mauro Andreolini , Luca Ferretti , Mirco Marchetti , Michele Colajanni

Despite the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across various sectors, cyber security continues to rely on traditional static and dynamic analysis tools, hampered by high false positive rates and superficial code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Rajesh Yarra

The increasing sophistication of cyber threats necessitates innovative approaches to cybersecurity. In this paper, we explore the potential of psychological profiling techniques, particularly focusing on the utilization of Large Language…

In today's evolving threat landscape, ensuring digital sovereignty has become mandatory for military organizations, especially given their increased development and investment in AI-driven cyber security solutions. To this end, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Clara Maathuis , Kasper Cools