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Guardian models play a crucial role in ensuring the safety and ethical behavior of user-facing AI applications by enforcing guardrails and detecting harmful content. While standard guardian models are limited to predefined, static harm…

As Large Language Models (LLMs) and generative AI become more widespread, the content safety risks associated with their use also increase. We find a notable deficiency in high-quality content safety datasets and benchmarks that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Shaona Ghosh , Prasoon Varshney , Erick Galinkin , Christopher Parisien

Text-to-Image (T2I) generation has made significant advancements with diffusion models, yet challenges persist in handling complex instructions, ensuring fine-grained content control, and maintaining deep semantic consistency. Existing T2I…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Xiaoqi Dong , Xiangyu Zhou , Nicholas Evans , Yujia Lin

In the era where AI-generated content (AIGC) models can produce stunning and lifelike images, the lingering shadow of unauthorized reproductions and malicious tampering poses imminent threats to copyright integrity and information security.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Xuanyu Zhang , Runyi Li , Jiwen Yu , Youmin Xu , Weiqi Li , Jian Zhang

We introduce Imagen 3, a latent diffusion model that generates high quality images from text prompts. We describe our quality and responsibility evaluations. Imagen 3 is preferred over other state-of-the-art (SOTA) models at the time of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Imagen-Team-Google , : , Jason Baldridge , Jakob Bauer , Mukul Bhutani , Nicole Brichtova , Andrew Bunner , Lluis Castrejon , Kelvin Chan , Yichang Chen , Sander Dieleman , Yuqing Du , Zach Eaton-Rosen , Hongliang Fei , Nando de Freitas , Yilin Gao , Evgeny Gladchenko , Sergio Gómez Colmenarejo , Mandy Guo , Alex Haig , Will Hawkins , Hexiang Hu , Huilian Huang , Tobenna Peter Igwe , Christos Kaplanis , Siavash Khodadadeh , Yelin Kim , Ksenia Konyushkova , Karol Langner , Eric Lau , Rory Lawton , Shixin Luo , Soňa Mokrá , Henna Nandwani , Yasumasa Onoe , Aäron van den Oord , Zarana Parekh , Jordi Pont-Tuset , Hang Qi , Rui Qian , Deepak Ramachandran , Poorva Rane , Abdullah Rashwan , Ali Razavi , Robert Riachi , Hansa Srinivasan , Srivatsan Srinivasan , Robin Strudel , Benigno Uria , Oliver Wang , Su Wang , Austin Waters , Chris Wolff , Auriel Wright , Zhisheng Xiao , Hao Xiong , Keyang Xu , Marc van Zee , Junlin Zhang , Katie Zhang , Wenlei Zhou , Konrad Zolna , Ola Aboubakar , Canfer Akbulut , Oscar Akerlund , Isabela Albuquerque , Nina Anderson , Marco Andreetto , Lora Aroyo , Ben Bariach , David Barker , Sherry Ben , Dana Berman , Courtney Biles , Irina Blok , Pankil Botadra , Jenny Brennan , Karla Brown , John Buckley , Rudy Bunel , Elie Bursztein , Christina Butterfield , Ben Caine , Viral Carpenter , Norman Casagrande , Ming-Wei Chang , Solomon Chang , Shamik Chaudhuri , Tony Chen , John Choi , Dmitry Churbanau , Nathan Clement , Matan Cohen , Forrester Cole , Mikhail Dektiarev , Vincent Du , Praneet Dutta , Tom Eccles , Ndidi Elue , Ashley Feden , Shlomi Fruchter , Frankie Garcia , Roopal Garg , Weina Ge , Ahmed Ghazy , Bryant Gipson , Andrew Goodman , Dawid Górny , Sven Gowal , Khyatti Gupta , Yoni Halpern , Yena Han , Susan Hao , Jamie Hayes , Jonathan Heek , Amir Hertz , Ed Hirst , Emiel Hoogeboom , Tingbo Hou , Heidi Howard , Mohamed Ibrahim , Dirichi Ike-Njoku , Joana Iljazi , Vlad Ionescu , William Isaac , Reena Jana , Gemma Jennings , Donovon Jenson , Xuhui Jia , Kerry Jones , Xiaoen Ju , Ivana Kajic , Christos Kaplanis , Burcu Karagol Ayan , Jacob Kelly , Suraj Kothawade , Christina Kouridi , Ira Ktena , Jolanda Kumakaw , Dana Kurniawan , Dmitry Lagun , Lily Lavitas , Jason Lee , Tao Li , Marco Liang , Maggie Li-Calis , Yuchi Liu , Javier Lopez Alberca , Matthieu Kim Lorrain , Peggy Lu , Kristian Lum , Yukun Ma , Chase Malik , John Mellor , Thomas Mensink , Inbar Mosseri , Tom Murray , Aida Nematzadeh , Paul Nicholas , Signe Nørly , João Gabriel Oliveira , Guillermo Ortiz-Jimenez , Michela Paganini , Tom Le Paine , Roni Paiss , Alicia Parrish , Anne Peckham , Vikas Peswani , Igor Petrovski , Tobias Pfaff , Alex Pirozhenko , Ryan Poplin , Utsav Prabhu , Yuan Qi , Matthew Rahtz , Cyrus Rashtchian , Charvi Rastogi , Amit Raul , Ali Razavi , Sylvestre-Alvise Rebuffi , Susanna Ricco , Felix Riedel , Dirk Robinson , Pankaj Rohatgi , Bill Rosgen , Sarah Rumbley , Moonkyung Ryu , Anthony Salgado , Tim Salimans , Sahil Singla , Florian Schroff , Candice Schumann , Tanmay Shah , Eleni Shaw , Gregory Shaw , Brendan Shillingford , Kaushik Shivakumar , Dennis Shtatnov , Zach Singer , Evgeny Sluzhaev , Valerii Sokolov , Thibault Sottiaux , Florian Stimberg , Brad Stone , David Stutz , Yu-Chuan Su , Eric Tabellion , Shuai Tang , David Tao , Kurt Thomas , Gregory Thornton , Andeep Toor , Cristian Udrescu , Aayush Upadhyay , Cristina Vasconcelos , Alex Vasiloff , Andrey Voynov , Amanda Walker , Luyu Wang , Miaosen Wang , Simon Wang , Stanley Wang , Qifei Wang , Yuxiao Wang , Ágoston Weisz , Olivia Wiles , Chenxia Wu , Xingyu Federico Xu , Andrew Xue , Jianbo Yang , Luo Yu , Mete Yurtoglu , Ali Zand , Han Zhang , Jiageng Zhang , Catherine Zhao , Adilet Zhaxybay , Miao Zhou , Shengqi Zhu , Zhenkai Zhu , Dawn Bloxwich , Mahyar Bordbar , Luis C. Cobo , Eli Collins , Shengyang Dai , Tulsee Doshi , Anca Dragan , Douglas Eck , Demis Hassabis , Sissie Hsiao , Tom Hume , Koray Kavukcuoglu , Helen King , Jack Krawczyk , Yeqing Li , Kathy Meier-Hellstern , Andras Orban , Yury Pinsky , Amar Subramanya , Oriol Vinyals , Ting Yu , Yori Zwols

Text-to-image diffusion models, e.g. Stable Diffusion (SD), lately have shown remarkable ability in high-quality content generation, and become one of the representatives for the recent wave of transformative AI. Nevertheless, such advance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Zhi-Yi Chin , Chieh-Ming Jiang , Ching-Chun Huang , Pin-Yu Chen , Wei-Chen Chiu

This paper addresses the critical challenge of deriving interpretable confidence scores from generative language models (LLMs) when applied to multi-label content safety classification. While models like LLaMA Guard are effective for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Anjaneya Praharaj , Jaykumar Kasundra

As Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) are increasingly deployed in agent-integrated workflows and other deployment-relevant settings, their robustness against semantic visual attacks remains under-evaluated -- alignment is typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Youting Wang , Yuan Tang , Yitian Qian , Chen Zhao

Text-to-image (T2I) models can generate not-safe-for-work (NSFW) content, motivating multi-stage safety pipelines with both text and image filters. Newer LLM-based filters detect latent intent beyond keywords, making token-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zixuan Chen , Hao Lin , Ke Xu , Xinghao Jiang , Tanfeng Sun

As the volume of video content online grows exponentially, the demand for moderation of unsafe videos has surpassed human capabilities, posing both operational and mental health challenges. While recent studies demonstrated the merits of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Adi Levi , Or Levi , Sardhendu Mishra , Jonathan Morra

Despite significant progress in Text-to-Image (T2I) generative models, even lengthy and complex text descriptions still struggle to convey detailed controls. In contrast, Layout-to-Image (L2I) generation, aiming to generate realistic and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Chengyou Jia , Minnan Luo , Zhuohang Dang , Guang Dai , Xiaojun Chang , Mengmeng Wang , Jingdong Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically aligned for safety during the post-training phase; however, they may still generate inappropriate outputs that could potentially pose risks to users. This challenge underscores the need for robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Mahesh Kumar Nandwana , Youngwan Lim , Joseph Liu , Alex Yang , Varun Notibala , Nishchaie Khanna

Synthetic image generation has opened up new opportunities but has also created threats in regard to privacy, authenticity, and security. Detecting fake images is of paramount importance to prevent illegal activities, and previous research…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Md Awsafur Rahman , Bishmoy Paul , Najibul Haque Sarker , Zaber Ibn Abdul Hakim , Shaikh Anowarul Fattah

Recent progress in Text-to-Image (T2I) generative models has enabled high-quality image generation. As performance and accessibility increase, these models are gaining significant attraction and popularity: ensuring their fairness and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Moreno D'Incà , Elia Peruzzo , Massimiliano Mancini , Xingqian Xu , Humphrey Shi , Nicu Sebe

Text-to-Image (T2I) models have raised security concerns due to their potential to generate inappropriate or harmful images. In this paper, we propose UPAM, a novel framework that investigates the robustness of T2I models from the attack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Duo Peng , Qiuhong Ke , Jun Liu

Text-to-image (T2I) models, though exhibiting remarkable creativity in image generation, can be exploited to produce unsafe images. Existing safety measures, e.g., content moderation or model alignment, fail in the presence of white-box…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Xinfeng Li , Shengyuan Pang , Jialin Wu , Jiangyi Deng , Huanlong Zhong , Yanjiao Chen , Jie Zhang , Wenyuan Xu

Text-to-Image models may generate harmful content, such as pornographic images, particularly when unsafe prompts are submitted. To address this issue, safety filters are often added on top of text-to-image models, or the models themselves…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Zhengyuan Jiang , Yuepeng Hu , Yuchen Yang , Yinzhi Cao , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Detecting online sexual predatory behaviours and abusive language on social media platforms has become a critical area of research due to the growing concerns about online safety, especially for vulnerable populations such as children and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Campbell Wilson , Janis Dalins

The rapid advancement of generative AI highlights the importance of text-to-image (T2I) security, particularly with the threat of backdoor poisoning. Timely disclosure and mitigation of security vulnerabilities in T2I models are crucial for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Chongye Guo , Jinhu Fu , Junfeng Fang , Kun Wang , Guorui Feng

Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) has led to their widespread adoption in various domains. However, these advancements have also introduced additional safety risks and raised concerns regarding their detrimental impact on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Khaoula Chehbouni , Megha Roshan , Emmanuel Ma , Futian Andrew Wei , Afaf Taik , Jackie CK Cheung , Golnoosh Farnadi