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Large pre-trained language models (LMs) such as GPT-3 have acquired a surprising ability to perform zero-shot learning. For example, to classify sentiment without any training examples, we can "prompt" the LM with the review and the label…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Ruiqi Zhong , Kristy Lee , Zheng Zhang , Dan Klein

Language models built using semi-supervised machine learning on large corpora of natural language have very quickly enveloped the fields of natural language generation and understanding. In this paper we apply a zero-shot approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Darren Abramson , Ali Emami

Benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) have predominantly assessed short-horizon, localized reasoning. Existing long-horizon suites (e.g. SWE-bench) rely on manually curated issues, so expanding or tuning difficulty demands expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Kaivalya Hariharan , Uzay Girit , Atticus Wang , Jacob Andreas

Recent developments in pre-trained neural language modeling have led to leaps in accuracy on commonsense question-answering benchmarks. However, there is increasing concern that models overfit to specific tasks, without learning to utilize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Kaixin Ma , Filip Ilievski , Jonathan Francis , Yonatan Bisk , Eric Nyberg , Alessandro Oltramari

The Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) task attempts to learn concepts without any labeled data. Unlike traditional classification/detection tasks, the evaluation environment is provided unseen classes never encountered during training. As such, it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Abhijit Suprem

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful tools capable of handling diverse tasks. Comparing and selecting appropriate LLMs for specific tasks requires systematic evaluation methods, as models exhibit varying capabilities across different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Anna Sokol , Elizabeth Daly , Michael Hind , David Piorkowski , Xiangliang Zhang , Nuno Moniz , Nitesh Chawla

Zero-shot classification capabilities naturally arise in models trained within a vision-language contrastive framework. Despite their classification prowess, these models struggle in dense tasks like zero-shot open-vocabulary segmentation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Thomas Stegmüller , Tim Lebailly , Nikola Dukic , Behzad Bozorgtabar , Tinne Tuytelaars , Jean-Philippe Thiran

We frame the task of machine translation evaluation as one of scoring machine translation output with a sequence-to-sequence paraphraser, conditioned on a human reference. We propose training the paraphraser as a multilingual NMT system,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Brian Thompson , Matt Post

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) effectively remains a critical bottleneck, as traditional static benchmarks suffer from saturation and contamination, while human evaluations are costly and slow. This hinders timely or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Sumuk Shashidhar , Clémentine Fourrier , Alina Lozovskia , Thomas Wolf , Gokhan Tur , Dilek Hakkani-Tür

Aligning language models (LMs) based on human-annotated preference data is a crucial step in obtaining practical and performant LM-based systems. However, multilingual human preference data are difficult to obtain at scale, making it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Zhaofeng Wu , Ananth Balashankar , Yoon Kim , Jacob Eisenstein , Ahmad Beirami

Zero-shot inference is a powerful paradigm that enables the use of large pretrained models for downstream classification tasks without further training. However, these models are vulnerable to inherited biases that can impact their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Dyah Adila , Changho Shin , Linrong Cai , Frederic Sala

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) aims at recognizing classes for which no visual sample is available at training time. To address this issue, one can rely on a semantic description of each class. A typical ZSL model learns a mapping between the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Celina Hanouti , Hervé Le Borgne

External knowledge (a.k.a. side information) plays a critical role in zero-shot learning (ZSL) which aims to predict with unseen classes that have never appeared in training data. Several kinds of external knowledge, such as text and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Yuxia Geng , Jiaoyan Chen , Xiang Zhuang , Zhuo Chen , Jeff Z. Pan , Juan Li , Zonggang Yuan , Huajun Chen

Natural language prompts have been shown to facilitate cross-task generalization for large language models. However, with no or limited labeled examples, the cross-task performance is highly sensitive to the choice of prompts, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Chonghua Liao , Yanan Zheng , Zhilin Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly evolving and impacting various fields, necessitating the development of effective methods to evaluate and compare their performance. Most current approaches for performance evaluation are either…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Behrad Moniri , Hamed Hassani , Edgar Dobriban

Recent work in cross-lingual semantic parsing has successfully applied machine translation to localize parsers to new languages. However, these advances assume access to high-quality machine translation systems and word alignment tools. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Tom Sherborne , Mirella Lapata

Recent advances in large pretrained language models have increased attention to zero-shot text classification. In particular, models finetuned on natural language inference datasets have been widely adopted as zero-shot classifiers due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Ariel Gera , Alon Halfon , Eyal Shnarch , Yotam Perlitz , Liat Ein-Dor , Noam Slonim

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) can be formulated as a cross-domain matching problem: after being projected into a joint embedding space, a visual sample will match against all candidate class-level semantic descriptions and be assigned to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Lei Zhang , Peng Wang , Lingqiao Liu , Chunhua Shen , Wei Wei , Yannning Zhang , Anton Van Den Hengel

A phrase grounding system localizes a particular object in an image referred to by a natural language query. In previous work, the phrases were restricted to have nouns that were encountered in training, we extend the task to Zero-Shot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Arka Sadhu , Kan Chen , Ram Nevatia

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly impacted data science workflows, giving rise to specialized data science agents designed to automate analytical tasks. Despite rapid adoption, systematic benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Ram Mohan Rao Kadiyala , Siddhant Gupta , Jebish Purbey , Giulio Martini , Ali Shafique , Suman Debnath , Hamza Farooq