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Vector quantization (VQ) underpins modern generative and representation models by turning continuous latents into discrete tokens. Yet hard nearest-neighbor assignments are non-differentiable and are typically optimized with heuristic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Haochen You , Heng Zhang , Hongyang He , Yuqi Li , Baojing Liu

Encoding videos into discrete tokens could align with text tokens to facilitate concise and unified multi-modal LLMs, yet introducing significant spatiotemporal compression compared to continuous video representation. Previous discrete…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Yupeng Zhou , Zhen Li , Ziheng Ouyang , Yuming Chen , Ruoyi Du , Daquan Zhou , Bin Fu , Yihao Liu , Peng Gao , Ming-Ming Cheng , Qibin Hou

Stable diffusion is an outstanding image generation model for text-to-image, but its time-consuming generation process remains a challenge due to the quadratic complexity of attention operations. Recent token merging methods improve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Min-Jeong Lee , Hee-Dong Kim , Seong-Whan Lee

Model merging aims to combine multiple fine-tuned models into a single multi-task model without access to training data. Existing task-vector merging methods such as TIES, TSV-M, and Iso-C/CTS differ in their aggregation rules but treat all…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Xinyu Wang , Ke Deng , Fei Dou , Jinbo Bi , Jin Lu

Recovering a high dynamic range (HDR) image from a single low dynamic range (LDR) image, namely inverse tone mapping (ITM), is challenging due to the lack of information in over- and under-exposed regions. Current methods focus exclusively…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-12 Juan Borrego-Carazo , Mete Ozay , Frederik Laboyrie , Paul Wisbey

In this work, we present a novel direction to build an image tokenizer directly on top of a frozen vision foundation model, which is a largely underexplored area. Specifically, we employ a frozen vision foundation model as the encoder of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Anlin Zheng , Xin Wen , Xuanyang Zhang , Chuofan Ma , Tiancai Wang , Gang Yu , Xiangyu Zhang , Xiaojuan Qi

Visual Document Retrieval (VDR) requires representations that capture both fine-grained visual details and global document structure to ensure retrieval efficacy while maintaining computational efficiency. Existing VDR models struggle to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Fengbin Zhu , Zijing Cai , Yuzhe Wang , Pengyang Shao , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Richang Hong , Tat-Seng Chua

Masked Autoregressive (MAR) models have emerged as a promising approach in image generation, expected to surpass traditional autoregressive models in computational efficiency by leveraging the capability of parallel decoding. However, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Feihong Yan , Qingyan Wei , Jiayi Tang , Jiajun Li , Yulin Wang , Xuming Hu , Huiqi Li , Linfeng Zhang

Vector Quantized Variational Autoencoder (VQ-VAE) has become a fundamental framework for learning discrete representations in image modeling. However, VQ-VAE models must tokenize entire images using a finite set of codebook vectors, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jaeyung Kim , YoungJoon Yoo

Generative modeling and representation learning are two key tasks in computer vision. However, these models are typically trained independently, which ignores the potential for each task to help the other, and leads to training and model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Tianhong Li , Huiwen Chang , Shlok Kumar Mishra , Han Zhang , Dina Katabi , Dilip Krishnan

Recent advancements in generative models have highlighted the crucial role of image tokenization in the efficient synthesis of high-resolution images. Tokenization, which transforms images into latent representations, reduces computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Qihang Yu , Mark Weber , Xueqing Deng , Xiaohui Shen , Daniel Cremers , Liang-Chieh Chen

Quantum machine learning and vision have come to the fore recently, with hardware advances enabling rapid advancement in the capabilities of quantum machines. Recently, quantum image generation has been explored with many potential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-23 Daniel Silver , Tirthak Patel , William Cutler , Aditya Ranjan , Harshitta Gandhi , Devesh Tiwari

Recently, the advancement of self-supervised learning techniques, like masked autoencoders (MAE), has greatly influenced visual representation learning for images and videos. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that the predominant approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Gensheng Pei , Tao Chen , Xiruo Jiang , Huafeng Liu , Zeren Sun , Yazhou Yao

We introduce MERGE, a system for situational grounding of actors, objects, and events in dynamic human-robot group interactions. Effective collaboration in such settings requires consistent situational awareness, built on persistent…

Masked image modeling (MIM) has become a leading self-supervised learning strategy. MIMs such as Masked Autoencoder (MAE) learn strong representations by randomly masking input tokens for the encoder to process, with the decoder…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Taekyung Kim , Sanghyuk Chun , Byeongho Heo , Dongyoon Han

The differing representation spaces required for visual understanding and generation pose a challenge in unifying them within the autoregressive paradigm of large language models. A vision tokenizer trained for reconstruction excels at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Wei Song , Yuran Wang , Zijia Song , Yadong Li , Zenan Zhou , Long Chen , Jianhua Xu , Jiaqi Wang , Kaicheng Yu

Conditional discrete generative models struggle to faithfully compose multiple input conditions. To address this, we derive a theoretically-grounded formulation for composing discrete probabilistic generative processes, with masked…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Jamie Stirling , Noura Al-Moubayed , Chris G. Willcocks , Hubert P. H. Shum

Conditional discrete generative models struggle to faithfully compose multiple input conditions. To address this, we derive a theoretically-grounded formulation for composing discrete probabilistic generative processes, with masked…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Jamie Stirling , Noura Al-Moubayed , Chris G. Willcocks , Hubert P. H. Shum

The recent progress in self-supervised learning has successfully combined Masked Image Modeling (MIM) with Siamese Networks, harnessing the strengths of both methodologies. Nonetheless, certain challenges persist when integrating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Kirill Vishniakov , Eric Xing , Zhiqiang Shen

The de novo generation of molecules with desirable properties is a critical challenge, where diffusion models are computationally intensive and autoregressive models struggle with error propagation. In this work, we introduce the Graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Haozhuo Zheng , Cheng Wang , Yang Liu
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