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Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) determine whether a specific data point was included in the training set of a target model. In this paper, we introduce the Semantic Membership Inference Attack (SMIA), a novel approach that enhances MIA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Hamid Mozaffari , Virendra J. Marathe

We develop practical and theoretically grounded membership inference attacks (MIAs) against both independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) data and graph-structured data. Building on the Bayesian decision-theoretic framework of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Marcus Lassila , Johan Östman , Khac-Hoang Ngo , Alexandre Graell i Amat

Machine learning models can leak private information about their training data. The standard methods to measure this privacy risk, based on membership inference attacks (MIAs), only check if a given data point \textit{exactly} matches a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Jiashu Tao , Reza Shokri

Membership inference attacks (MIA) try to detect if data samples were used to train a neural network model, e.g. to detect copyright abuses. We show that models with higher dimensional input and output are more vulnerable to MIA, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Avital Shafran , Shmuel Peleg , Yedid Hoshen

Previous studies have developed fairness methods for biased models that exhibit discriminatory behaviors towards specific subgroups. While these models have shown promise in achieving fair predictions, recent research has identified their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Huan Tian , Guangsheng Zhang , Bo Liu , Tianqing Zhu , Ming Ding , Wanlei Zhou

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) aim to estimate whether a specific data point was used in the training of a given model. Existing state-of-the-art attacks typically rely on training multiple reference models to approximate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhenlong Liu , Wenyu Jiang , Feng Zhou , Hongxin Wei

A Membership Inference Attack (MIA) assesses how much a trained machine learning model reveals about its training data by determining whether specific query instances were included in the dataset. We classify existing MIAs into adaptive or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Yuntao Du , Jiacheng Li , Yuetian Chen , Kaiyuan Zhang , Zhizhen Yuan , Hanshen Xiao , Bruno Ribeiro , Ninghui Li

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) aim to determine whether a specific sample was used to train a predictive model. Knowing this may indeed lead to a privacy breach. Most MIAs, however, make use of the model's prediction scores - the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Dominik Hintersdorf , Lukas Struppek , Kristian Kersting

Membership Inference Attacks (MIA) aim to infer whether a target data record has been utilized for model training or not. Existing MIAs designed for large language models (LLMs) can be bifurcated into two types: reference-free and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Wenjie Fu , Huandong Wang , Chen Gao , Guanghua Liu , Yong Li , Tao Jiang

A membership inference attack (MIA) against a machine-learning model enables an attacker to determine whether a given data record was part of the model's training data or not. In this paper, we provide an in-depth study of the phenomenon of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Bogdan Kulynych , Mohammad Yaghini , Giovanni Cherubin , Michael Veale , Carmela Troncoso

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) aim to determine whether specific data were used to train a model. While extensively studied on classification models, their impact on time series forecasting remains largely unexplored. We address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Nicolas Johansson , Tobias Olsson , Daniel Nilsson , Johan Östman , Fazeleh Hoseini

Among all privacy attacks against Machine Learning (ML), membership inference attacks (MIA) attracted the most attention. In these attacks, the attacker is given an ML model and a data point, and they must infer whether the data point was…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Bram van Dartel , Marc Damie , Florian Hahn

The primary promise of decentralized learning is to allow users to engage in the training of machine learning models in a collaborative manner while keeping their data on their premises and without relying on any central entity. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Ousmane Touat , Jezekael Brunon , Yacine Belal , Julien Nicolas , César Sabater , Mohamed Maouche , Sonia Ben Mokhtar

Synthetic data generation plays an important role in enabling data sharing, particularly in sensitive domains like healthcare and finance. Recent advances in diffusion models have made it possible to generate realistic, high-quality tabular…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Eyal German , Daniel Samira , Yuval Elovici , Asaf Shabtai

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) aim to identify specific data samples within the private training dataset of machine learning models, leading to serious privacy violations and other sophisticated threats. Many practical black-box MIAs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Jihye Choi , Shruti Tople , Varun Chandrasekaran , Somesh Jha

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) infer whether a data point is in the training data of a machine learning model. It is a threat while being in the training data is private information of a data point. MIA correctly infers some data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Mauro Conti , Jiaxin Li , Stjepan Picek

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) pose a significant threat to the privacy of machine learning models and are widely used as tools for privacy assessment, auditing, and machine unlearning. While prior MIA research has primarily focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Zhiqi Wang , Chengyu Zhang , Yuetian Chen , Nathalie Baracaldo , Swanand Kadhe , Lei Yu

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) are used to test practical privacy of machine learning models. MIAs complement formal guarantees from differential privacy (DP) under a more realistic adversary model. We analyse MIA vulnerability of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Marlon Tobaben , Hibiki Ito , Joonas Jälkö , Yuan He , Antti Honkela

Membership inference attacks (MIAs), which enable adversaries to determine whether specific data points were part of a model's training dataset, have emerged as an important framework to understand, assess, and quantify the potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Toan Tran , Olivera Kotevska , Li Xiong

Recommender systems (RecSys) have been widely applied to various applications, including E-commerce, finance, healthcare, social media and have become increasingly influential in shaping user behavior and decision-making, highlighting their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Jiajie He , Xintong Chen , Xinyang Fang , Min-Chun Chen , Yuechun Gu , Keke Chen