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Related papers: Do LLMs Surpass Encoders for Biomedical NER?

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Although Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable adaptability across domains, these models often fall short in structured knowledge extraction tasks such as named entity recognition (NER). This paper explores an innovative,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yuzhao Heng , Chunyuan Deng , Yitong Li , Yue Yu , Yinghao Li , Rongzhi Zhang , Chao Zhang

Named entity recognition (NER) is the process of recognising and classifying important information (entities) in text. Proper nouns, such as a person's name, an organization's name, or a location's name, are examples of entities. The NER is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Onkar Litake , Maithili Sabane , Parth Patil , Aparna Ranade , Raviraj Joshi

We present a systematic study of medical-domain interpretability in Large Language Models (LLMs). We study how the LLMs both represent and process medical knowledge through four different interpretability techniques: (1) UMAP projections of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Razvan Marinescu , Victoria-Elisabeth Gruber , Diego Fajardo

Data science plays a critical role in biomedical research, but it requires professionals with expertise in coding and medical data analysis. Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in supporting medical tasks and performing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Zifeng Wang , Benjamin Danek , Ziwei Yang , Zheng Chen , Jimeng Sun

Biomedical named entity recognition (NER) is a critial task that aims to identify structured information in clinical text, which is often replete with complex, technical terms and a high degree of variability. Accurate and reliable NER can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Zhiyi Li , Shengjie Zhang , Yujie Song , Jungyeul Park

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have become the primary form of medical data-keeping across the United States. Federal law restricts the sharing of any EHR data that contains protected health information (PHI). De-identification, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Abdullah Ahmed , Adeel Abbasi , Carsten Eickhoff

Open Named Entity Recognition (NER), which involves identifying arbitrary types of entities from arbitrary domains, remains challenging for Large Language Models (LLMs). Recent studies suggest that fine-tuning LLMs on extensive NER data can…

Background: Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) offer potential benefits in healthcare, particularly in processing extensive patient records. However, existing benchmarks do not fully assess LLMs' capability in handling…

Ransomware continues to evolve in complexity, making early and explainable detection a critical requirement for modern cybersecurity systems. This study presents a comparative analysis of three Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Elodie Mutombo Ngoie , Mike Nkongolo Wa Nkongolo , Peace Azugo , Mahmut Tokmak

We present a statistical model for German medical natural language processing trained for named entity recognition (NER) as an open, publicly available model. The work serves as a refined successor to our first GERNERMED model which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Johann Frei , Ludwig Frei-Stuber , Frank Kramer

When performing named entity recognition (NER), entity length is variable and dependent on a specific domain or dataset. Pre-trained language models (PLMs) are used to solve NER tasks and tend to be biased toward dataset patterns such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Minbyul Jeong , Jaewoo Kang

The increasing depth of parametric domain knowledge in large language models (LLMs) is fueling their rapid deployment in real-world applications. Understanding model vulnerabilities in high-stakes and knowledge-intensive tasks is essential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 R. Patrick Xian , Alex J. Lee , Satvik Lolla , Vincent Wang , Qiming Cui , Russell Ro , Reza Abbasi-Asl

Clinical texts, represented in electronic medical records (EMRs), contain rich medical information and are essential for disease prediction, personalised information recommendation, clinical decision support, and medication pattern mining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Hangyu Tu , Lifeng Han , Goran Nenadic

This paper presents a framework for Named Entity Recognition (NER) leveraging the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model in natural language processing (NLP). NER is a fundamental task in NLP with broad…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Mo Sun , Siheng Xiong , Yuankai Cai , Bowen Zuo

Augmenting large language models (LLMs) with external context significantly improves their performance in natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, LLMs struggle to answer queries reliably when the provided context lacks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Istabrak Abbes , Gabriele Prato , Quentin Fournier , Fernando Rodriguez , Alaa Boukhary , Adam Elwood , Sarath Chandar

Using language models (LMs) pre-trained in a self-supervised setting on large corpora and then fine-tuning for a downstream task has helped to deal with the problem of limited label data for supervised learning tasks such as Named Entity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Pavlova Vera , Mohammed Makhlouf

Large Language Models (LLMs) have fundamentally transformed approaches to Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks across diverse domains. In healthcare, accurate and cost-efficient text classification is crucial, whether for clinical notes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Hajar Sakai , Sarah S. Lam

Large language models (LLMs) are deep learning algorithms being used to perform natural language processing tasks in various fields, from social sciences to finance and biomedical sciences. Developing and training a new LLM can be very…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-01-23 Valentina Aparicio , Daniel Gordon , Sebastian G. Huayamares , Yuhuai Luo

Attention based Large Language Models (LLMs) are the state-of-the-art in natural language processing (NLP). The two most common architectures are encoders such as BERT, and decoders like the GPT models. Despite the success of encoder…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Isaac Roberts , Alexander Schulz , Luca Hermes , Barbara Hammer

In common law systems, legal professionals such as lawyers and judges rely on precedents to build their arguments. As the volume of cases has grown massively over time, effectively retrieving prior cases has become essential. Prior case…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Damith Premasiri , Tharindu Ranasinghe , Ruslan Mitkov