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We give a novel procedure for approximating general single-qubit unitaries from a finite universal gate set by reducing the problem to a novel magnitude approximation problem, achieving an immediate improvement in sequence length by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-20 Vadym Kliuchnikov , Kristin Lauter , Romy Minko , Adam Paetznick , Christophe Petit

Since quantum computing is currently in the NISQ-Era, compilation strategies to reduce the number of gates executed on specific hardware are required. In this work, we utilize the concept of synthesis of a data structure called Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-31 David Winderl , Qunsheng Huang , Arianne Meijer-van de Griend , Richie Yeung

We study optimal synthesis of Clifford circuits, and apply the results to peep-hole optimization of quantum circuits. We report optimal circuits for all Clifford operations with up to four inputs. We perform peep-hole optimization of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-12 Vadym Kliuchnikov , Dmitri Maslov

We tackle the problem of Clifford isometry compilation, i.e, how to synthesize a Clifford isometry into an executable quantum circuit. We propose a simple framework for synthesis that only exploits the elementary properties of the Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Timothée Goubault de Brugière , Simon Martiel , Christophe Vuillot

There are various gate sets that can be used to describe a quantum computation. A particularly popular gate set in the literature on quantum computing consists of arbitrary single-qubit gates and 2-qubit CNOT gates. A CNOT gate is however…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-05 John van de Wetering

The Clifford group is a finite subgroup of the unitary group generated by the Hadamard, the CNOT, and the Phase gates. This group plays a prominent role in quantum error correction, randomized benchmarking protocols, and the study of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-17 Sergey Bravyi , Ruslan Shaydulin , Shaohan Hu , Dmitri Maslov

NISQ devices have inherent limitations in terms of connectivity and hardware noise. The synthesis of CNOT circuits considers the physical constraints and transforms quantum algorithms into low-level quantum circuits that can execute on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-03 Xinyu Chen , Mingqiang Zhu , Xueyun Cheng , Zhijin Guan , Shiguang Feng , Pengcheng Zhu

In order for quantum computations to be done as efficiently as possible it is important to optimise the number of gates used in the underlying quantum circuits. In this paper we find that many gate optimisation problems for approximately…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 John van de Wetering , Matt Amy

IBM has made several quantum computers available to researchers around the world via cloud services. Two architectures with five qubits, one with 16, and one with 20 qubits are available to run experiments. The IBM architectures implement…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Gerhard W. Dueck , Anirban Pathak , Md Mazder Rahman , Abhishek Shukla , Anindita Banerjee

We present an algorithm that decomposes any $n$-qubit Clifford operator into a circuit consisting of three subcircuits containing only CNOT or CPHASE gates with layers of one-qubit gates before and after each of these subcircuits. As with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-18 Timothy Proctor , Kevin Young

Compiling quantum circuits to account for hardware restrictions is an essential part of the quantum computing stack. Circuit compilation allows us to adapt algorithm descriptions into a sequence of operations supported by real quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Alejandro Villoria , Henning Basold , Alfons Laarman

We investigate the problem of synthesizing T-depth optimal quantum circuits over the Clifford+T gate set. First we construct a special subset of T-depth 1 unitaries, such that it is possible to express the T-depth-optimal decomposition of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-14 Vlad Gheorghiu , Michele Mosca , Priyanka Mukhopadhyay

The conventional circuit paradigm, utilizing a limited number of gates to construct arbitrary quantum circuits, is hindered by significant noise overhead. For instance, the standard gate paradigm employs two CNOT gates for the partial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-04 Jader P. Santos , Ben Bar , Raam Uzdin

The Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem is a canonical NP-complete problem and a natural candidate for quantum acceleration via search-based algorithms. In Grover-based quantum SAT solvers, the dominant computational cost stems from the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Majd Assaad , Abhoy Kole , Rolf Drechsler

Minimizing the use of CNOT gates in quantum state preparation is a crucial step in quantum compilation, as they introduce coupling constraints and more noise than single-qubit gates. Reducing the number of CNOT gates can lead to more…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Hanyu Wang , Bochen Tan , Jason Cong , Giovanni De Micheli

Current proposals for quantum compilers require the synthesis and optimization of linear reversible circuits and among them CNOT circuits. Since these circuits represent a significant part of the cost of running an entire quantum circuit,…

A Hadamard-free Clifford transformation is a circuit composed of quantum Phase (P), CZ, and CNOT gates. It is known that such a circuit can be written as a three-stage computation, -P-CZ-CNOT-, where each stage consists only of gates of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-18 Dmitri Maslov , Willers Yang

Layout synthesis is mapping a quantum circuit to a quantum processor. SWAP gate insertions are needed for scheduling 2-qubit gates only on connected physical qubits. With the ever-increasing number of qubits in NISQ processors, scalable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-23 Irfansha Shaik , Jaco van de Pol

We investigate quantum circuits built from arbitrary single-qubit operations combined with programmable all-to-all multiqubit entangling gates that are native to, among other systems, trapped-ion quantum computing platforms. We report a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-24 Jonathan Nemirovsky , Lee Peleg , Amit Ben Kish , Yotam Shapira

We propose two Clifford+$T$ synthesis algorithms that are optimal with respect to $T$-count. The first algorithm, called deterministic synthesis, approximates any single-qubit unitary by a single-qubit Clifford+$T$ circuit with the minimum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Hayata Morisaki , Kaoru Sano , Seiseki Akibue