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Neural networks achieve remarkable performance through superposition: encoding multiple features as overlapping directions in activation space rather than dedicating individual neurons to each feature. This challenges interpretability, yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Leonard Bereska , Zoe Tzifa-Kratira , Reza Samavi , Efstratios Gavves

Most metric learning algorithms, as well as Fisher's Discriminant Analysis (FDA), optimize some cost function of different measures of within-and between-class distances. On the other hand, Support Vector Machines(SVMs) and several Multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-09-17 Huyen Do , Alexandros Kalousis

Structure from motion (SfM) has recently been formulated as a self-supervised learning problem, where neural network models of depth and egomotion are learned jointly through view synthesis. Herein, we address the open problem of how to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Brandon Wagstaff , Valentin Peretroukhin , Jonathan Kelly

The crucial importance of metrics in machine learning algorithms has led to an increasing interest in optimizing distance and similarity functions, an area of research known as metric learning. When data consist of feature vectors, a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Aurélien Bellet

Person re-identification aims to re-identify the probe image from a given set of images under different camera views. It is challenging due to large variations of pose, illumination, occlusion and camera view. Since the convolutional neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-11-25 Hailin Shi , Xiangyu Zhu , Shengcai Liao , Zhen Lei , Yang Yang , Stan Z. Li

Machine learning models usually assume that a set of feature values used to obtain an output is fixed in advance. However, in many real-world problems, a cost is associated with measuring these features. To address the issue of reducing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Katsumi Takahashi , Koh Takeuchi , Hisashi Kashima

In the real world, long-tailed data distributions are prevalent, making it challenging for models to effectively learn and classify tail classes. However, we discover that in the field of drug chemistry, certain tail classes exhibit higher…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yujia Su , Xinjie Li , Lionel Z. Wang

Transformer models learn to encode and decode an input text, and produce contextual token embeddings as a side-effect. The mapping from language into the embedding space maps words expressing similar concepts onto points that are close in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Vivi Nastase , Paola Merlo

Deep metric learning employs deep neural networks to embed instances into a metric space such that distances between instances of the same class are small and distances between instances from different classes are large. In most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-05 Ahmed Abdelwahab , Niels Landwehr

Assessing distances between images and image datasets is a fundamental task in vision-based research. It is a challenging open problem in the literature and despite the criticism it receives, the most ubiquitous method remains the Fr\'echet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Doruk Cetin , Benedikt Schesch , Petar Stamenkovic , Niko Benjamin Huber , Fabio Zünd , Majed El Helou

In this paper, a novel statistical metric learning is developed for spectral-spatial classification of the hyperspectral image. First, the standard variance of the samples of each class in each batch is used to decrease the intra-class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Zhiqiang Gong , Ping Zhong , Weidong Hu , Zixuan Xiao , Xuping Yin

The \emph{Fr\'echet distance} is a well studied similarity measures between curves. The \emph{discrete Fr\'echet distance} is an analogous similarity measure, defined for a sequence $A$ of $m$ points and a sequence $B$ of $n$ points, where…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-09-09 Rinat Ben Avraham , Omrit Filtser , Haim Kaplan , Matthew J. Katz , Micha Sharir

This paper presents NOMAD (Non-Matching Audio Distance), a differentiable perceptual similarity metric that measures the distance of a degraded signal against non-matching references. The proposed method is based on learning deep feature…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Alessandro Ragano , Jan Skoglund , Andrew Hines

Contrastive learning, which aims at minimizing the distance between positive pairs while maximizing that of negative ones, has been widely and successfully applied in unsupervised feature learning, where the design of positive and negative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Rui Zhu , Bingchen Zhao , Jingen Liu , Zhenglong Sun , Chang Wen Chen

The assignment of importance scores to particular frames or (short) segments in a video is crucial for summarization, but also a difficult task. Previous work utilizes only one source of visual features. In this paper, we suggest a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Junaid Ahmed Ghauri , Sherzod Hakimov , Ralph Ewerth

Feature matters. How to train a deep network to acquire discriminative features across categories and polymerized features within classes has always been at the core of many computer vision tasks, specially for large-scale recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-31 Yu Liu , Hongyang Li , Xiaogang Wang

Gromov-Wasserstein distance has found many applications in machine learning due to its ability to compare measures across metric spaces and its invariance to isometric transformations. However, in certain applications, this invariance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Pinar Demetci , Quang Huy Tran , Ievgen Redko , Ritambhara Singh

Learning and generalizing from limited examples, i,e, few-shot learning, is of core importance to many real-world vision applications. A principal way of achieving few-shot learning is to realize an embedding where samples from different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Rongkai Ma , Pengfei Fang , Tom Drummond , Mehrtash Harandi

Exploiting different representations, or views, of the same object for better clustering has become very popular these days, which is conventionally called multi-view clustering. Generally, it is essential to measure the importance of each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Feiping Nie , Jing Li , Xuelong Li

Proximities are at the heart of almost all machine learning methods. If the input data are given as numerical vectors of equal lengths, euclidean distance, or a Hilbertian inner product is frequently used in modeling algorithms. In a more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Maximilian Münch , Michiel Straat , Michael Biehl , Frank-Michael Schleif