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Deep reinforcement learning (RL) based controllers for legged robots have demonstrated impressive robustness for walking in different environments for several robot platforms. To enable the application of RL policies for humanoid robots in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Rohan Pratap Singh , Mehdi Benallegue , Mitsuharu Morisawa , Rafael Cisneros , Fumio Kanehiro

Loco-manipulation of quadrupedal robots has broadened robotic applications, but using legs as manipulators often compromises locomotion, while mounting arms complicates the system. To mitigate this issue, we introduce bipedalism for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yuyou Zhang , Radu Corcodel , Ding Zhao

Humans excel at robust bipedal walking in complex natural environments. In each step, they adequately tune the interaction of biomechanical muscle dynamics and neuronal signals to be robust against uncertainties in ground conditions.…

Modern Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms promise to solve difficult motor control problems directly from raw sensory inputs. Their attraction is due in part to the fact that they can represent a general class of methods that allow to…

This paper presents a comprehensive study on using deep reinforcement learning (RL) to create dynamic locomotion controllers for bipedal robots. Going beyond focusing on a single locomotion skill, we develop a general control solution that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Zhongyu Li , Xue Bin Peng , Pieter Abbeel , Sergey Levine , Glen Berseth , Koushil Sreenath

Effective bipedal locomotion in dynamic environments, such as cluttered indoor spaces or uneven terrain, requires agile and adaptive movement in all directions. This necessitates omnidirectional terrain sensing and a controller capable of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Mohitvishnu S. Gadde , Pranay Dugar , Ashish Malik , Alan Fern

Achieving stable and robust perceptive locomotion for bipedal robots in unstructured outdoor environments remains a critical challenge due to complex terrain geometry and susceptibility to external disturbances. In this work, we propose a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Haokai Su , Haoxiang Luo , Shunpeng Yang , Kaiwen Jiang , Wei Zhang , Hua Chen

Reliable odometry for legged robots without cameras or LiDAR remains challenging due to IMU drift and noisy joint velocity sensing. This paper presents a purely proprioceptive state estimator that uses only IMU and motor measurements to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Minxing Sun , Yao Mao

Objective: Our aim is to determine if data collected with inertial measurement units (IMUs) during steady-state running could be used to estimate ground reaction forces (GRFs) and to derive biomechanical variables (e.g., contact time,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Bowen Song , Marco Paolieri , Harper E. Stewart , Leana Golubchik , Jill L. McNitt-Gray , Vishal Misra , Devavrat Shah

This paper addresses the challenge of terrain-adaptive dynamic locomotion in humanoid robots, a problem traditionally tackled by optimization-based methods or reinforcement learning (RL). Optimization-based methods, such as model-predictive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Shangqun Yu , Nisal Perera , Daniel Marew , Donghyun Kim

This paper introduces a novel proprioceptive state estimator for legged robots based on a learned displacement measurement from IMU data. Recent research in pedestrian tracking has shown that motion can be inferred from inertial data using…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Russell Buchanan , Marco Camurri , Frank Dellaert , Maurice Fallon

Algorithms for state estimation of humanoid robots usually assume that the feet remain flat and in a constant position while in contact with the ground. However, this hypothesis is easily violated while walking, especially for human-like…

In this letter, we present tightly coupled LiDAR-IMU-leg odometry, which is robust to challenging conditions such as featureless environments and deformable terrains. We developed an online learning-based leg kinematics model named the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Taku Okawara , Kenji Koide , Aoki Takanose , Shuji Oishi , Masashi Yokozuka , Kentaro Uno , Kazuya Yoshida

This work presents methods for the determination of a humanoid robot's joint velocities and accelerations directly from link-mounted Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) each containing a three-axis gyroscope and a three-axis accelerometer. No…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-02-17 Nicholas Rotella , Sean Mason , Stefan Schaal , Ludovic Righetti

Humanoid robots have demonstrated robust locomotion capabilities using Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based approaches. Further, to obtain human-like behaviors, existing methods integrate human motion-tracking or motion prior in the RL…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Dewei Wang , Xinmiao Wang , Xinzhe Liu , Jiyuan Shi , Yingnan Zhao , Chenjia Bai , Xuelong Li

Accurate and precise terrain estimation is a difficult problem for robot locomotion in real-world environments. Thus, it is useful to have systems that do not depend on accurate estimation to the point of fragility. In this paper, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Jonah Siekmann , Kevin Green , John Warila , Alan Fern , Jonathan Hurst

Learning generalizable robot manipulation policies, especially for complex multi-fingered humanoids, remains a significant challenge. Existing approaches primarily rely on extensive data collection and imitation learning, which are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Toru Lin , Kartik Sachdev , Linxi Fan , Jitendra Malik , Yuke Zhu

Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) for legged locomotion commonly relies on a physics simulator that can accurately predict the behaviors of every degree of freedom of the robot. In contrast, approximate reduced-order models are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Zhaoming Xie , Xingye Da , Buck Babich , Animesh Garg , Michiel van de Panne

Reinforcement learning (RL)-based motion imitation methods trained on demonstration data can effectively learn natural and expressive motions with minimal reward engineering but often struggle to generalize to novel environments. We address…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Zewei Zhang , Chenhao Li , Takahiro Miki , Marco Hutter

Bipedal robots are gaining global recognition due to their potential applications and advancements in artificial intelligence, particularly through Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). While DRL has significantly advanced bipedal locomotion,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Lingfan Bao , Joseph Humphreys , Tianhu Peng , Chengxu Zhou