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Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) offers a cost-effective solution for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), but it often produces overconfident predictions in data-scarce few-shot settings. To address this issue, several classical statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Amir Hossein Rahmati , Sanket Jantre , Weifeng Zhang , Yucheng Wang , Byung-Jun Yoon , Nathan M. Urban , Xiaoning Qian

We revisit continual learning~(CL), which enables pre-trained vision transformers (ViTs) to sequentially fine-tune on new downstream tasks over time. However, as the scale of these models increases, catastrophic forgetting remains a more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Huancheng Chen , Jingtao Li , Weiming Zhuang , Chen Chen , Lingjuan Lyu

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has become the default approach to fine-tune large language models (LLMs) due to its significant reduction in trainable parameters. However, trainable parameter demand for LoRA increases with increasing model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Seyedarmin Azizi , Souvik Kundu , Massoud Pedram

Although the advancements of pre-trained Large Language Models have significantly accelerated recent progress in NLP, their ever-increasing size poses significant challenges for conventional fine-tuning, especially in memory-intensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Chenxi Whitehouse , Fantine Huot , Jasmijn Bastings , Mostafa Dehghani , Chu-Cheng Lin , Mirella Lapata

Fine-tuning large pre-trained language models on downstream tasks has become an important paradigm in NLP. However, common practice fine-tunes all of the parameters in a pre-trained model, which becomes prohibitive when a large number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Qingru Zhang , Minshuo Chen , Alexander Bukharin , Nikos Karampatziakis , Pengcheng He , Yu Cheng , Weizhu Chen , Tuo Zhao

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has been prominently employed for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs). However, the limited expressive capacity of LoRA, stemming from the low-rank constraint, has been recognized as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Zhiwei He , Zhaopeng Tu , Xing Wang , Xingyu Chen , Zhijie Wang , Jiahao Xu , Tian Liang , Wenxiang Jiao , Zhuosheng Zhang , Rui Wang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become the standard approach for adapting large language models under limited compute and memory budgets. Although previous methods improve efficiency through low-rank updates, quantization, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zhuxuanzi Wang , Mingqiao Mo , Xi Xiao , Chen Liu , Chenrui Ma , Yunbei Zhang , Xiao Wang , Smita Krishnaswamy , Tianyang Wang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has been widely employed for domain adaptation, with LoRA being one of the most prominent methods due to its simplicity and effectiveness. However, in multi-task learning (MTL) scenarios, LoRA tends to…

Fine-tuning is the primary methodology for tailoring pre-trained large language models to specific tasks. As the model's scale and the diversity of tasks expand, parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods are of paramount importance. One of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Wenhan Xia , Chengwei Qin , Elad Hazan

Full fine-tuning of large language models for alignment and task adaptation has become prohibitively expensive as models have grown in size. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods aim at significantly reducing the computational and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Jesus Rios , Pierre Dognin , Ronny Luss , Karthikeyan N. Ramamurthy

We present Generalized LoRA (GLoRA), an advanced approach for universal parameter-efficient fine-tuning tasks. Enhancing Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), GLoRA employs a generalized prompt module to optimize pre-trained model weights and adjust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Arnav Chavan , Zhuang Liu , Deepak Gupta , Eric Xing , Zhiqiang Shen

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, creating an increased need for efficient, task-specific fine-tuning methods. Traditional fine-tuning of LLMs involves updating a large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Ayush Singh , Rajdeep Aher , Shivank Garg

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) is a key paradigm for improving large-scale reasoning models. Unlike supervised fine-tuning (SFT), RLVR exhibits distinct optimization dynamics and is sensitive to the preservation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Jiaying Zhang , Lei Shi , Jiguo Li , Jun Xu , Jiuchong Gao , Jinghua Hao , Renqing He

LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation) has emerged as a preferred method for efficiently adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) with remarkable simplicity and efficacy. This note extends the original LoRA paper by offering new perspectives that were not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Vlad Fomenko , Han Yu , Jongho Lee , Stanley Hsieh , Weizhu Chen

We propose TLoRA, a novel tri-matrix low-rank adaptation method that decomposes weight updates into three matrices: two fixed random matrices and one trainable matrix, combined with a learnable, layer-wise scaling factor. This tri-matrix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Tanvir Islam

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have transformed the approach to fine-tuning large models for downstream tasks by enabling the adjustment of significantly fewer parameters than those in the original model matrices. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Alessio Quercia , Zhuo Cao , Arya Bangun , Richard D. Paul , Abigail Morrison , Ira Assent , Hanno Scharr

Large Language Models have shown remarkable capabilities in the NLP domain. Their effectiveness can mainly be attributed to their ability to adapt to an array of downstream tasks. However, generally, full fine-tuning is a computationally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Harsh Bihany , Shubham Patel , Ashutosh Modi

Continual learning requires the model to learn multiple tasks sequentially. In continual learning, the model should possess the ability to maintain its performance on old tasks (stability) and the ability to adapt to new tasks continuously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Yan-Shuo Liang , Wu-Jun Li

Recent work using pretrained transformers has shown impressive performance when fine-tuned with data from the downstream problem of interest. However, they struggle to retain that performance when the data characteristics changes. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Martin Wistuba , Prabhu Teja Sivaprasad , Lukas Balles , Giovanni Zappella

Fine-tuning large-scale pretrained models is prohibitively expensive in terms of computational and memory costs. LoRA, as one of the most popular Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods, offers a cost-effective alternative by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Shaowen Wang , Linxi Yu , Jian Li