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We present an effective method for transmitting electromagnetic waves as surface waves with a tape-based metasurface design. This design incorporates silver square patches periodically patterned on an adhesive tape substrate. Specifically,…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-05-02 K. Suzuki , P. T. Dang , H. Homma , A. A. Fathnan , Y. Ashikaga , Y. Tsuchiya , S. Phang , H. Wakatsuchi

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) have recently gained attention as a paradigm for wave-domain signal processing with reduced reliance on costly radio-frequency (RF) chains. However, conventional SIMs rely on uniform inter-layer…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Hong Niu , Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen

The initial 6G networks will likely operate in the upper mid-band (7-24 GHz), which has decent propagation conditions but underwhelming new spectrum availability. In this paper, we explore whether we can anyway reach the ambitious 6G…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Emil Björnson , Ferdi Kara , Nikolaos Kolomvakis , Alva Kosasih , Parisa Ramezani , Murat Babek Salman

Antennas of transmitters and receivers have been manipulated to increase the capacity of transmission and reception of signals. Using many elements in antennas to shape beams and direct nulls in a particular point for optimum signal…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-10-18 Mboli Sechang Julius

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) have emerged as a powerful paradigm for wave-domain signal processing, enabling fine-grained control over electromagnetic (EM) propagation in next-generation wireless systems. However, conventional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Hong Niu , Chau Yuen , Marco Di Renzo , Mérouane Debbah , H. Vincent Poor

Holographic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has emerged as a key enabler for 6G networks, yet conventional planar implementations suffer from spatial correlation and mutual coupling at sub-wavelength spacing, which fundamentally limit…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-30 Quan Gao , Shuai S. A. Yuan , Zhanwen Wang , Wanchen Yang , Chongwen Huang , Xiaoming Chen , Wei E. I. Sha

Imagine a MIMO communication system that fully exploits the propagation characteristics offered by an electromagnetic channel and ultimately approaches the limits imposed by wireless communications. This is the concept of Holographic MIMO…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Andrea Pizzo , Luca Sanguinetti , Thomas L. Marzetta

The cost of radio frequency (RF) chains is the biggest drawback of massive MIMO millimeter wave networks. By employing spatial modulation (SM), it is possible to implement lower number of RF chains than transmit antennas but still achieve…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-15 Merve Yüzgeçcioglu , Eduard Jorswieck

In this letter, we propose a six-dimensional movable antenna (6DMA)-aided cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system to fully exploit its macro spatial diversity, where a set of distributed access points (APs), each…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Xiaoming Shi , Xiaodan Shao , Beixiong Zheng , Rui Zhang

Holographic MIMO (HMIMO) has emerged as a promising solution for future wireless systems by enabling ultra-dense, spatially continuous antenna deployments. While prior studies have primarily focused on electromagnetic (EM) modeling or…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-07 Gayathri Shekar , Saman Atapattu , Prathapasinghe Dharmawansa , Kandeepan Sithamparanathan

By deploying antenna arrays at the transmitter/receiver to provide additional spatial-domain degrees of freedom (DoFs), multi-antenna technology greatly improves the reliability and efficiency of wireless communication. Meanwhile, the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Yong Zeng , Zhenjun Dong , Huizhi Wang , Lipeng Zhu , Ziyao Hong , Qingji Jiang , Dongming Wang , Shi Jin , Rui Zhang

This article studies effective communication, one of the three forms identified by Weaver and Shannon, as an enabler for the upcoming 6G use cases. The envisioned tactile, holographic, and multi-sensory communications require bandwidths in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Ece Gelal Soyak , Ozgur Ercetin

Fourier optics, the principle of using Fourier Transformation to understand the functionalities of optical elements, lies at the heart of modern optics, and has been widely applied to optical information processing, imaging, holography etc.…

Flexible intelligent metasurfaces (FIMs) offer a new solution for wireless communications by introducing morphological degrees of freedom, dynamically morphing their three-dimensional shape to ensure multipath signals interfere…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Jian Xiao , Ji Wang , Qimei Cui , Yucang Yang , Xingwang Li , Dusit Niyato , Chau Yuen

Intelligent metasurface has recently emerged as a promising technology that enables the customization of wireless environments by harnessing large numbers of low-cost reconfigurable scattering elements. However, prior studies have…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Jiancheng An , Marco Di Renzo , Mérouane Debbah , H. Vincent Poor , Chau Yuen

In this paper, we put forth the idea of metaprism, a passive and non-reconfigurable metasurface acting as a metamirror with frequency-dependent reflecting properties within the signal bandwidth. We show that, with an appropriate design of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-31 Davide Dardari , Devis Massari

Movable antenna (MA)-enabled near-field (NF) communications offer significant potential for 6G, yet existing designs often neglect the practical constraints of hybrid beamforming (HBF) for extremely large-scale MIMO (XL-MIMO). Conversely,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xiangqian Xu , Songjie Yang , Arumugam Nallanathan

Beamspace processing is an emerging technique to reduce baseband complexity in massive multiuser (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems operating at millimeter-wave (mmWave) and terahertz frequencies. The high…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-16 Sueda Taner , Christoph Studer

Holographic multiple-input multiple-output (H-MIMO) systems represent a paradigm shift in wireless communications by enabling quasi-continuous apertures. Unlike conventional MIMO systems, H-MIMO with subwavelength antenna spacing operates…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-02 Zijian Zhang , Linglong Dai

At the dawn of the next-generation wireless systems and networks, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has been envisioned as one of the enabling technologies. With the continued success of being applied in the 5G and beyond, the…

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