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Diagnosing a whole-slide image is an interactive, multi-stage process of changing magnification and moving between fields. Although recent pathology foundation models demonstrated superior performances, practical agentic systems that decide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Sheng Wang , Ruiming Wu , Charles Herndon , Yihang Liu , Shunsuke Koga , Jeanne Shen , Zhi Huang

Conventional histopathology has long been essential for disease diagnosis, relying on visual inspection of tissue sections. Immunohistochemistry aids in detecting specific biomarkers but is limited by its single-marker approach, restricting…

Driven by the recent advances in deep learning methods and, in particular, by the development of modern self-supervised learning algorithms, increased interest and efforts have been devoted to build foundation models (FMs) for medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 kaiko. ai , Nanne Aben , Edwin D. de Jong , Ioannis Gatopoulos , Nicolas Känzig , Mikhail Karasikov , Axel Lagré , Roman Moser , Joost van Doorn , Fei Tang

In pathological research, education, and clinical practice, the decision-making process based on pathological images is critically important. This significance extends to digital pathology image analysis: its adequacy is demonstrated by the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-19 Zhi-Bo Liu , Xiaobo Pang , Jizhao Wang , Shuai Liu , Chen Li

Recent rapid progress in the field of computational pathology has been enabled by foundation models. These models are beginning to move beyond encoding image patches towards whole-slide understanding but their clinical utility remains…

Pathological diagnosis remains the definitive standard for identifying tumors. The rise of multimodal large models has simplified the process of integrating image analysis with textual descriptions. Despite this advancement, the substantial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Xiaomin Wu , Rui Xu , Pengchen Wei , Wenkang Qin , Peixiang Huang , Ziheng Li , Lin Luo

Advances in digitizing tissue slides and the fast-paced progress in artificial intelligence, including deep learning, have boosted the field of computational pathology. This field holds tremendous potential to automate clinical diagnosis,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Andrew H. Song , Guillaume Jaume , Drew F. K. Williamson , Ming Y. Lu , Anurag Vaidya , Tiffany R. Miller , Faisal Mahmood

While artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms continue to rival human performance on a variety of clinical tasks, the question of how best to incorporate these algorithms into clinical workflows remains relatively unexplored. We…

Carcinogenesis is a proteiform phenomenon, with tumors emerging in various locations and displaying complex, diverse shapes. At the crucial intersection of research and clinical practice, it demands precise and flexible assessment. However,…

Purpose: In this work, we present a collaboration to create a validation dataset of pathologist annotations for algorithms that process whole slide images (WSIs). We focus on data collection and evaluation of algorithm performance in the…

Despite the promise of computational pathology foundation models, adapting them to specific clinical tasks remains challenging due to the complexity of whole-slide image (WSI) processing, the opacity of learned features, and the wide range…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Abdul Rahman Diab , Emily E. Karn , Renchin Wu , Emily S. Ruiz , William Lotter

Clinical cystoscopy, the current standard for bladder cancer diagnosis, suffers from significant reliance on physician expertise, leading to variability and subjectivity in diagnostic outcomes. There is an urgent need for objective,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-22 Jinliang Yu , Mingduo Xie , Yue Wang , Tianfan Fu , Xianglai Xu , Jiajun Wang

Digital pathology is not only one of the most promising fields of diagnostic medicine, but at the same time a hot topic for fundamental research. Digital pathology is not just the transfer of histopathological slides into digital…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-12-20 Andreas Holzinger , Bernd Malle , Peter Kieseberg , Peter M. Roth , Heimo Müller , Robert Reihs , Kurt Zatloukal

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide and pathologists are closely involved in establishing a diagnosis. Tools to assist in making a diagnosis are required to manage the increasing workload. In this context,…

Chromosome analysis is vital for diagnosing genetic disorders and guiding cancer therapy decisions through the identification of somatic clonal aberrations. However, developing an AI model are hindered by the overwhelming complexity and…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-23 Changchun Yang , Weiqian Dai , Yilan Zhang , Siyuan Chen , Jingdong Hu , Junkai Su , Yuxuan Chen , Ao Xu , Na Li , Xin Gao , Yongguo Yu

Deciphering tumor microenvironment from Whole Slide Images (WSIs) is intriguing as it is key to cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response. While these gigapixel images on one hand offer a comprehensive portrait of cancer, on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Kunpeng Zhang , Hanwen Xu , Sheng Wang

Quality assurance is a critical but underexplored area in digital pathology, where even minor artifacts can have significant effects. Artifacts have been shown to negatively impact the performance of AI diagnostic models. In current…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-13 Meredith VandeHaar , M. Clinch , I. Yilmaz , M. A. Rahman , Y. Xiao , F. Dogany , H. M. Alazab , A. Nassar , Z. Akkus , B. Dangott

Artificial intelligence (AI) holds strong potential for medical diagnostics, yet its clinical adoption is limited by a lack of interpretability and generalizability. This study introduces the Pathobiological Dictionary for Liver Cancer…

Recent advances in computational pathology have led to the emergence of numerous foundation models. These models typically rely on general-purpose encoders with multi-instance learning for whole slide image (WSI) classification or apply…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yuxuan Sun , Yixuan Si , Chenglu Zhu , Kai Zhang , Zhongyi Shui , Bowen Ding , Tao Lin , Lin Yang

Deep Learning-based computational pathology algorithms have demonstrated profound ability to excel in a wide array of tasks that range from characterization of well known morphological phenotypes to predicting non-human-identifiable…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-24 Ming Y. Lu , Dehan Kong , Jana Lipkova , Richard J. Chen , Rajendra Singh , Drew F. K. Williamson , Tiffany Y. Chen , Faisal Mahmood