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Nowadays, research on GUI agents is a hot topic in the AI community. However, current research focuses on GUI task automation, limiting the scope of applications in various GUI scenarios. In this paper, we propose a formalized and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Kangjia Zhao , Jiahui Song , Leigang Sha , Haozhan Shen , Zhi Chen , Tiancheng Zhao , Xiubo Liang , Jianwei Yin

Improving end-users' understanding of decisions made by autonomous vehicles (AVs) driven by artificial intelligence (AI) can improve utilization and acceptance of AVs. However, current explanation mechanisms primarily help AI researchers…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Somayeh Molaei , Lionel P. Robert , Nikola Banovic

LLM-driven GUI agents are increasingly used in production systems to automate workflows and simulate users for evaluation and optimization. Yet most GUI-agent evaluations emphasize task success and provide limited evidence on whether agents…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Maria Movin , Claudia Hauff , Aron Henriksson , Panagiotis Papapetrou

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents are designed to automate complex tasks on digital devices, such as smartphones and desktops. Most existing GUI agents interact with the environment through extracted structured data, which can be…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Kanzhi Cheng , Qiushi Sun , Yougang Chu , Fangzhi Xu , Yantao Li , Jianbing Zhang , Zhiyong Wu

Computational thinking, and by extension, computer programming, is notoriously challenging to learn. Conversational agents and generative artificial intelligence (genAI) have the potential to facilitate this learning process by offering…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Jacob Penney , João Felipe Pimentel , Igor Steinmacher , Marco A. Gerosa

Existing Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents operate through step-by-step calls to vision language models--taking a screenshot, reasoning about the next action, executing it, then repeating on the new page--resulting in high costs and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Hongbin Zhong , Fazle Faisal , Luis França , Tanakorn Leesatapornwongsa , Adriana Szekeres , Kexin Rong , Suman Nath

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, driven by Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), have emerged as a promising paradigm for enabling intelligent interaction with digital systems. This paper provides a structured survey of recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Jiahao Li , Kaer Huang

Recently, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have been used as agents to control keyboard and mouse inputs by directly perceiving the Graphical User Interface (GUI) and generating corresponding commands. However, current agents…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Dongping Chen , Yue Huang , Siyuan Wu , Jingyu Tang , Liuyi Chen , Yilin Bai , Zhigang He , Chenlong Wang , Huichi Zhou , Yiqiang Li , Tianshuo Zhou , Yue Yu , Chujie Gao , Qihui Zhang , Yi Gui , Zhen Li , Yao Wan , Pan Zhou , Jianfeng Gao , Lichao Sun

We introduce GUI-360$^\circ$, a large-scale, comprehensive dataset and benchmark suite designed to advance computer-using agents (CUAs). CUAs present unique challenges and is constrained by three persistent gaps: a scarcity of real-world…

An Intelligent Personal Agent (IPA) is an agent that has the purpose of helping the user to gain information through reliable resources with the help of knowledge navigation techniques and saving time to search the best content. The agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-01 Amit Kumar , Rahul Dutta , Harbhajan Rai

Much of the previous work towards digital agents for graphical user interfaces (GUIs) has relied on text-based representations (derived from HTML or other structured data sources), which are not always readily available. These input…

Computer-Use Agents (CUA) are becoming increasingly capable of autonomously operating digital environments through Graphical User Interfaces (GUI). Yet, most GUI remain designed primarily for humans--prioritizing aesthetics and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Kevin Qinghong Lin , Siyuan Hu , Linjie Li , Zhengyuan Yang , Lijuan Wang , Philip Torr , Mike Zheng Shou

Multi-turn conversations with an Enterprise AI Assistant can be challenging due to conversational dependencies in questions, leading to ambiguities and errors. To address this, we propose an NLU-NLG framework for ambiguity detection and…

Despite the rapid progress of multimodal large language models in building Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, their real-world task completion is fundamentally bottlenecked by a lack of world knowledge about GUI operations. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zheng Wu , Chengcheng Han , Zhengxi Lu , Tianjie Ju , Yanyu Chen , Qi Gu , Xunliang Cai , Zhuosheng Zhang

Autonomous agents that navigate Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) to automate tasks like document editing and file management can greatly enhance computer workflows. While existing research focuses on online settings, desktop environments,…

As autonomous agents become adept at understanding and interacting with graphical user interface (GUI) environments, a new era of automated task execution is emerging. Recent studies have demonstrated that Reinforcement Learning (RL) can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Songqin Nong , Xiaoxuan Tang , Jingxuan Xu , Sheng Zhou , Jianfeng Chen , Tao Jiang , Wenhao Xu

Graphical user interface (GUI) agents powered by large vision-language models (VLMs) have shown remarkable potential in automating digital tasks, highlighting the need for high-quality trajectory data to support effective agent training.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Rui Shao , Ruize Gao , Bin Xie , Yixing Li , Kaiwen Zhou , Shuai Wang , Weili Guan , Gongwei Chen

IT helpdesks are charged with the task of responding quickly to user queries. To give the user confidence that their query matters, the helpdesk will auto-reply to the user with confirmation that their query has been received and logged.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Reece Nicholls , Ryan Fellows , Steve Battle , Hisham Ihshaish

Users may face challenges while designing graphical user interfaces, due to a lack of relevant experience and guidance. This paper aims to investigate the issues that users with no experience face during the design process, and how to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Chunggi Lee , Sanghoon Kim , Dongyun Han , Hongjun Yang , Young-Woo Park , Bum Chul Kwon , Sungahn Ko

Previous research into agent communication has shown that a pre-trained guide can speed up the learning process of an imitation learning agent. The guide achieves this by providing the agent with discrete messages in an emerged language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Benjamin Kolb , Leon Lang , Henning Bartsch , Arwin Gansekoele , Raymond Koopmanschap , Leonardo Romor , David Speck , Mathijs Mul , Elia Bruni