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GUI agents are rapidly shifting from multi-module pipelines to end-to-end, native vision-language models (VLMs) that perceive raw screenshots and directly interact with digital devices. Despite rapid progress on general GUI tasks, CAPTCHA…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Yuxi Chen , Haoyu Zhai , Chenkai Wang , Rui Yang , Lingming Zhang , Gang Wang , Huan Zhang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agents, powered by multimodal large language models (MLLMs), have shown great potential for task automation on computing devices such as computers and mobile phones. However, existing agents face challenges in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Yuhang Liu , Pengxiang Li , Zishu Wei , Congkai Xie , Xueyu Hu , Xinchen Xu , Shengyu Zhang , Xiaotian Han , Hongxia Yang , Fei Wu

Autonomous GUI agents based on vision-language models (VLMs) often assume deterministic environment responses, generating actions without verifying whether previous operations succeeded. In real-world settings with network latency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yuzhe Zhang , Xianwei Xue , Xingyong Wu , Mengke Chen , Chen Liu , Xinran He , Run Shao , Feiran Liu , Huanmin Xu , Qiutong Pan , Haiwei Wang

Web AI agents such as ChatGPT Agent and GenSpark are increasingly used for routine web-based tasks, yet they still rely on text-based input prompts, lack proactive detection of user intent, and offer no support for interactive data analysis…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Yanwei Huang , Arpit Narechania

Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agents, powered by large language and vision-language models, hold promise for enabling end-to-end automation in digital environments. However, their progress is fundamentally constrained by the scarcity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Musen Lin , Minghao Liu , Taoran Lu , Lichen Yuan , Yiwei Liu , Haonan Xu , Yu Miao , Yuhao Chao , Zhaojian Li

With the widespread adoption of Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents for automating GUI interaction tasks, substantial research focused on improving GUI perception to ground task instructions into concrete action steps. However, the step…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Xuan Wang , Siyuan Su , Quantong Fu , Yongxiang Hu , Yangfan Zhou

GUI agents are rapidly becoming a new interaction to software, allowing people to navigate web, desktop and mobile rather than execute them click by click. Yet ``agent'' is described with radically different degrees of autonomy, obscuring…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Sidong Feng , Chunyang Chen

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents show great potential for enabling foundation models to complete real-world tasks, revolutionizing human-computer interaction and improving human productivity. In this report, we present OmegaUse, a…

Exploratory GUI testing is essential for software quality but suffers from high manual costs. While Multi-modal Large Language Model (MLLM) agents excel in navigation, they fail to autonomously discover defects due to two core challenges:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yifei Gao , Jiang Wu , Xiaoyi Chen , Yifan Yang , Zhe Cui , Tianyi Ma , Jiaming Zhang , Jitao Sang

Recent progress in GUI agents has substantially improved visual grounding, yet robust planning remains challenging, particularly when the environment deviates from a canonical initial state. In real applications, users often invoke…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Henry Hengyuan Zhao , Kaiming Yang , Wendi Yu , Difei Gao , Mike Zheng Shou

Mobile graphical user interface (GUI) agents are designed to automate everyday tasks on smartphones. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced the capabilities of mobile GUI agents. However, most…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Mingxian Yu , Siqi Luo , Xu Chen

To enable human oversight, agentic AI systems often provide a trace of reasoning and action steps. Designing traces to have an informative, but not overwhelming, level of detail remains a critical challenge. In three user studies on a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Madeleine Grunde-McLaughlin , Hussein Mozannar , Maya Murad , Jingya Chen , Saleema Amershi , Adam Fourney

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents have the potential to assist users in interacting with complex software (e.g., PowerPoint, Photoshop). While prior research has primarily focused on automating user actions through clicks and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Saelyne Yang , Jaesang Yu , Yi-Hao Peng , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Jae Won Cho , Yale Song , Juho Kim

Autonomous agents capable of navigating Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) hold the potential to revolutionize digital productivity. However, achieving true digital autonomy extends beyond reactive element matching; it necessitates a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hongxin Li , Xiping Wang , Jingran Su , Zheng Ju , Yuntao Chen , Qing Li , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Recent advancements in Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents have predominantly focused on training paradigms like supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning (RL). However, the challenge of high-dynamic GUI environments remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Enqi Liu , Liyuan Pan , Zhi Gao , Yan Yang , Chenrui Shi , Yang Liu , Jingrong Wu , Qing Li

Recent advancements in visual language models (VLMs) have notably enhanced their capabilities in handling complex Graphical User Interface (GUI) interaction tasks. Despite these improvements, current frameworks often struggle to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Zhiyuan Hu , Shiyun Xiong , Yifan Zhang , See-Kiong Ng , Anh Tuan Luu , Bo An , Shuicheng Yan , Bryan Hooi

Graphical user interface (GUI) agents are rapidly progressing toward autonomous interaction and reliable task execution across diverse applications. However, two central challenges remain unresolved: automating the evaluation of agent…

Behavioral skills or policies for autonomous agents are conventionally learned from reward functions, via reinforcement learning, or from demonstrations, via imitation learning. However, both modes of task specification have their…

Recent advances in deep reinforcement learning and scalable photorealistic simulation have led to increasingly mature embodied AI for various visual tasks, including navigation. However, while impressive progress has been made for teaching…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Naoki Yokoyama , Qian Luo , Dhruv Batra , Sehoon Ha

Recent advances in Graphical User Interface (GUI) and embodied navigation have driven progress, yet these domains have largely evolved in isolation, with disparate datasets and training paradigms. In this paper, we observe that both tasks…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zhihao Luo , Wentao Yan , Jingyu Gong , Min Wang , Zhizhong Zhang , Xuhong Wang , Yuan Xie , Xin Tan