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Intelligent surfaces that reshape electromagnetic waves are regarded as disruptive technologies for wireless networks. However, existing designs sit at two costly extremes: dynamic reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) offer fine beam…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-24 Ziyuan Zheng , Qingqing Wu , Wen Chen , Weiren Zhu , Ying Gao

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) consists of a large number of low-cost elements that can control the propagation environment seen from a transmitter by intelligently applying phase shifts to impinging signals before reflection.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-14 Parisa Ramezani , Maksym A. Girnyk , Emil Björnson

In traditional Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) systems, the RIS is mounted on stationary structures like buildings, walls, or posts. They have shown promising results in enhancing the performance of wireless systems like capacity…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-24 I. Zakir Ahmed , Hamid Sadjadpour

The potential of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) for energy-efficient and performance-boosted wireless communications is recently gaining remarkable research attention, motivating their consideration for various $5$-th Generation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-06 George C. Alexandropoulos , Konstantinos D. Katsanos , Miaowen Wen , Daniel B. da Costa

In this letter, we consider a double-active-intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) aided wireless communication system, where two active IRSs are properly deployed to assist the communication from a base station (BS) to multiple users located…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Zhenyu Kang , Changsheng You , Rui Zhang

This paper addresses the hardware structure of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) and presents a comprehensive overview of RIS design, considering both unit design and prototype systems. It commences by tracing the evolutionary…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-26 Rujing Xiong , Jianan Zhang , Fuhai Wang , Zhengyu Wang , Xiang Ren , Junshuo Liu , Jialong Lu , Kai Wan , Tiebin Mi , Robert Caiming Qiu

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) comprised of tunable unit cells have recently drawn significant attention due to their superior capability in manipulating electromagnetic waves. In particular, RIS-assisted wireless communications…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-16 Wankai Tang , Ming Zheng Chen , Xiangyu Chen , Jun Yan Dai , Yu Han , Marco Di Renzo , Yong Zeng , Shi Jin , Qiang Cheng , Tie Jun Cui

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a nearly-passive flat layer made of inexpensive elements that can add a tunable phase shift to the impinging electromagnetic wave and are controlled by a low-power electronic circuit. This paper…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-04 Stefano Buzzi , Emanuele Grossi , Marco Lops , Luca Venturino

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is an emerging technology that changes how wireless networks are perceived, therefore its potential benefits and applications are currently under intense research and investigation. In this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Placido Mursia , Sendy Phang , Vincenzo Sciancalepore , Gabriele Gradoni , Marco Di Renzo

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has emerged as a promising technology to enhance the wireless communication network coverage and capacity by dynamically controlling the radio signal propagation environment. In contrast to the existing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Zhenyu Kang , Changsheng You , Rui Zhang

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) have received significant attention recently as an innovation for enhanced connectivity, capacity, and energy efficiency in future wireless networks. Recent works indicate that such RIS-augmented…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-11 Akbar Sayeed

This paper considers the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted multi-user communications, where an RIS is used to assist the base station (BS) for serving multiple users. The RIS consisting of passive reflecting elements can…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Yu-Tse Wu , Kuang-Hao Liu

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) have emerged as a transformative technology in wireless communication, enabling dynamic control over signal propagation. This paper tackles the challenge of mitigating Channel State Information…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Mahdi Shamsi , Hadi Zayyani , Farokh Marvasti

Curved reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) represent a promising frontier for next-generation wireless communication, enabling adaptive wavefront control on nonplanar platforms such as unmanned aerial vehicles and urban…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-02 Filippo Pepe , Ivan Iudice , Giuseppe Castaldi , Marco Di Renzo , Vincenzo Galdi

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) provides a promising way to build the programmable wireless transmission environments in the future. Owing to the large number of reflecting elements used at the RIS, joint optimization for the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Xiaoyan Ma , Shuaishuai Guo , Haixia Zhang , Yuguang Fang , Dongfeng Yuan

Recently, the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology has ushered in the prospect of control over the wireless propagation environment. By establishing alternative propagation paths for the transmitted signals, and by reflecting…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-18 Pedro H. C. de Souza , Luciano Mendes

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) are an emerging RIS 2.0 technology for future wireless communication. However, BD-RISs are primarily passive without active amplification, suffering from severe multiplicative…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Shanpu Shen , Hongyu Li , Matteo Nerini , Qingqing Wu , Bruno Clerckx

This paper presents a novel dual-functional hybrid Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) for simultaneous sensing and reconfigurable reflections. We design a novel hybrid unit cell featuring dual elements, which share the same phase…

Semantic communication, which focuses on conveying the meaning of information rather than exact bit reconstruction, has gained considerable attention in recent years. Meanwhile, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Jiajia Shi , Tse-Tin Chan , Haoyuan Pan , Tat-Ming Lok

This paper explores distributed Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) by introducing a cooperative dimension that enhances adaptability and performance. It focuses on strategically deploying multiple RISs to improve connectivity with…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-13 Youssef Hussein , Mohamad Assaad , Thierry Clessienne