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Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) are conventionally implemented as two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetic (EM) structures to steer incident waves toward desired reflection angles. This approach limits the reflection to a single…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-16 Ruiqi Wang , Yiming Yang , Atif Shamim

Active reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have recently been proposed to compensate for the severe multiplicative fading effect of conventional passive RIS-aided systems. Each reflecting element of active RISs is assisted by an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Gui Zhou , Cunhua Pan , Hong Ren , Dongfang Xu , Zaichen Zhang , Jiangzhou Wang , Robert Schober

The concept of smart wireless environments envisions dynamic programmable propagation of information-bearing signals through the deployment of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs). Typical RIS implementations include metasurfaces with…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-23 George C. Alexandropoulos , Nir Shlezinger , Ioannis Gavras , Haiyang Zhang

A Reflective Intelligent Surface (RIS) consists of many small reflective elements whose reflection properties can be adjusted to change the wireless propagation environment. Envisioned implementations require that each RIS element be…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-13 Gal Ben Itzhak , Miguel Saavedra-Melo , Benjamin Bradshaw , Ender Ayanoglu , Filippo Capolino , A. Lee Swindlehurst

Extensive research has already started on 6G and beyond wireless technologies due to the envisioned new use-cases and potential new requirements for future wireless networks. Although a plethora of modern physical layer solutions have been…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-18 Ertugrul Basar

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) are envisioned to play a key role in future wireless communications, enabling programmable radio propagation environments. They are usually considered as nearly passive planar structures that…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-14 Haiyang Zhang , Nir Shlezinger , Idban Alamzadeh , George C. Alexandropoulos , Mohammadreza F. Imani , Yonina C. Eldar

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is envisioned to have abundant applications in future wireless networks by smartly reconfiguring the signal propagation for performance enhancement. Specifically, an IRS consists of a large number of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-13 Qingqing Wu , Rui Zhang

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted communication have recently attracted the attention of the wireless communication community as a potential candidate for the next $6$-th generation (6G) of wireless networks. Various studies…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-18 Recep A. Tasci , Fatih Kilinc , Ertugrul Basar , George C. Alexandropoulos

This paper investigates a wireless-powered hybrid reflecting intelligent surface (hybrid RIS)-assisted multiple access system, where the RIS can harvest energy from energy station (ES) transmitted radio frequency signal (RF), and each…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-20 Mingang Yuan , Wenzhe Zhang , Gaofei Huang

We consider a multi-user multiple-input single-output (MISO) communications system which is assisted by a hybrid active-passive reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). Unlike conventional passive RISs, hybrid RIS is equipped with a few…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Nhan Thanh Nguyen , Van-Dinh Nguyen , Qingqing Wu , Antti Tolli , Symeon Chatzinotas , Markku Juntti

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a metamaterial that can be integrated into walls and influence the propagation of electromagnetic waves. This, typically passive radio frequency (RF) technology is emerging for indoor and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-10 Aly Sabri Abdalla , Talha Faizur Rahman , Vuk Marojevic

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are envisioned as a promising technology for future wireless communications. With various hardware realizations, RISs can work under different modes (reflective/transmissive/hybrid) or have…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

The adoption of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) in wireless networks can enhance the spectrum- and energy-efficiency by controlling the propagation environment. Although the RIS does not consume any transmit power, the circuit…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Siyuan Sun , Min Fu , Yuanming Shi , Yong Zhou

This paper presents a reconfigurable intelligent sensing surface (RISS) that combines passive and active elements to achieve simultaneous reflection and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation tasks. By utilizing DOA information from the RISS…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Cheng Luo , Jie Hu , Luping Xiang , Kun Yang

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) or intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs), are regarded as one of the most promising and revolutionizing techniques for enhancing the spectrum and/or energy efficiency of wireless systems. These…

The adoption of a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) for downlink multi-user communication from a multi-antenna base station is investigated in this paper. We develop energy-efficient designs for both the transmit power allocation and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Chongwen Huang , Alessio Zappone , George C. Alexandropoulos , Mérouane Debbah , Chau Yuen

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) or Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) are metasurfaces that can be deployed in various places in wireless environments to make these environments controllable and reconfigurable. In this paper,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-22 S. Mohammad Razavizadeh , Tommy Svensson

The advent of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) in wireless communication networks unlocks the way to support high frequency radio access (e.g. in millimeter wave) while overcoming their sensitivity to the presence of deep fading…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Fatima Ezzahra Airod , Mattia Merluzzi , Paolo Di Lorenzo , Emilio Calvanese Strinati

Physically accurate and mathematically tractable models are presented to characterize scattering and reflection properties of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). We take continuous and discrete strategies to model a single patch and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-31 Tiebin Mi , Jianan Zhang , Rujing Xiong , Zhengyu Wang , Robert Caiming Qiu

Wireless communications are nowadays shifting to higher operation frequencies with the aim to meet the ever-increasing demand for bandwidth. While reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are usually envisioned to restore the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-02 Giorgos Stratidakis , Sotiris Droulias , Angeliki Alexiou