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Confidence estimation is crucial for reflecting the reliability of large language models (LLMs), particularly in the widely used closed-source models. Utilizing data augmentation for confidence estimation is viable, but discussions focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Rui Wang , Renyu Zhu , Minmin Lin , Runze Wu , Tangjie Lv , Changjie Fan , Haobo Wang

Obtaining data in the medical field is challenging, making the adoption of AI technology within the space slow and high-risk. We evaluate whether we can overcome this obstacle with synthetic data generated by large language models (LLMs).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Paulo Soares , Sean McCurdy , Andrew J. Gerber , Peter Fonagy

It is well-established that more data generally improves AI model performance. However, data collection can be challenging for certain tasks due to the rarity of occurrences or high costs. These challenges are evident in our use case, where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Martin Thißen , Thi Ngoc Diep Tran , Barbara Esteve Ratsch , Ben Joel Schönbein , Ute Trapp , Beate Egner , Romana Piat , Elke Hergenröther

Data quality remains an important challenge in data-driven systems, as errors in tabular data can severely compromise downstream analytics and machine learning performance. Although numerous error detection algorithms have been proposed,…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xinyuan Liu , Jiahui Chen , Bocheng Hu , Yu Sun , Xinyang Chen , Shaoxu Song , Yongxin Tong

The growing number of pretrained models in Machine Learning (ML) presents significant challenges for practitioners. Given a new dataset, they need to determine the most suitable deep learning (DL) pipeline, consisting of the pretrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Fabio Ferreira

The opacity in developing large language models (LLMs) is raising growing concerns about the potential contamination of public benchmarks in the pre-training data. Existing contamination detection methods are typically based on the text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Feng Yao , Yufan Zhuang , Zihao Sun , Sunan Xu , Animesh Kumar , Jingbo Shang

Lemmatization is the task of transforming all words in a given text to their dictionary forms. While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their ability to achieve competitive results across a wide range of NLP tasks, there is no…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Olia Toporkov , Alan Akbik , Rodrigo Agerri

How much information about training samples can be leaked through synthetic data generated by Large Language Models (LLMs)? Overlooking the subtleties of information flow in synthetic data generation pipelines can lead to a false sense of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Matthieu Meeus , Lukas Wutschitz , Santiago Zanella-Béguelin , Shruti Tople , Reza Shokri

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various natural language processing tasks. However, achieving strong performance in specialized domains like mathematical reasoning and non-English languages often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Huy Hoang Ha

Large language models (LLMs) are a promising venue for natural language understanding and generation. However, current LLMs are far from reliable: they are prone to generating non-factual information and, more crucially, to contradicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Diego Calanzone , Stefano Teso , Antonio Vergari

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful dialogue agents, but specializing them towards fulfilling a specific function can be challenging. Instructing tuning, i.e. tuning models on instruction and sample responses generated by humans…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Dennis Ulmer , Elman Mansimov , Kaixiang Lin , Justin Sun , Xibin Gao , Yi Zhang

Synthetic data generation has emerged as an invaluable solution in scenarios where real-world data collection and usage are limited by cost and scarcity. Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in producing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Anh Nguyen , Sam Schafft , Nicholas Hale , John Alfaro

In the era of data-driven decision-making, accurate table-level representations and efficient table recommendation systems are becoming increasingly crucial for improving table management, discovery, and analysis. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Dayu Yang , Natawut Monaikul , Amanda Ding , Bozhao Tan , Kishore Mosaliganti , Giri Iyengar

Code-mixing (CM), where speakers blend languages within a single expression, is prevalent in multilingual societies but poses challenges for natural language processing due to its complexity and limited data. We propose using a large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Linda Zeng

Many sensitive domains -- such as the clinical domain -- lack widely available datasets due to privacy risks. The increasing generative capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have made synthetic datasets a viable path forward. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Thomas Vakili , Aron Henriksson , Hercules Dalianis

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have led to the development of highly potent models like OpenAI's ChatGPT. These models have exhibited exceptional performance in a variety of tasks, such as question answering, essay…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Ruixiang Tang , Xiaotian Han , Xiaoqian Jiang , Xia Hu

Data selection for finetuning Large Language Models (LLMs) can be framed as a budget-constrained optimization problem: maximizing a model's downstream performance under a strict training data budget. Solving this problem is generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Animesh Jha , Harshit Gupta , Ananjan Nandi

Large language models (LLMs) enable researchers to analyze text at unprecedented scale and minimal cost. Researchers can now revisit old questions and tackle novel ones with rich data. We provide an econometric framework for realizing this…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-08 Jens Ludwig , Sendhil Mullainathan , Ashesh Rambachan

In Machine Translation, Large Language Models (LLMs) have generally underperformed compared to conventional encoder-decoder systems and thus see limited adoption. However, LLMs excel at modeling contextual information, making them a natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Ireh Kim , Tesia Sker , Chanwoo Kim

Service providers of large language model (LLM) applications collect user instructions in the wild and use them in further aligning LLMs with users' intentions. These instructions, which potentially contain sensitive information, are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Da Yu , Peter Kairouz , Sewoong Oh , Zheng Xu