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As building blocks of dust, rocky planets, and even complex life, the chemical elements heavier than hydrogen (H) and helium (He) - called "metals" in astronomy - play an essential role in our Universe and its evolution. Up to Fe and Ni,…
Recent observational and theoretical developments concerning the primordial synthesis of the light elements are reviewed, and the implications for dark matter mentioned.
The cosmic origin of fluorine, the ninth element of the Periodic Table, is still under debate. The reason for this fact is the large difficulties in observing stellar diagnostic lines, which can be used for the determination of the fluorine…
Two recent findings necessitate a closer look at the existing standard models of Particle Physics and Cosmology. These are the discovery of Neutrino oscillation, and hence a non zero mass on the one hand and, on the other, observations of…
A possibility that the universe may be strongly inhomogeneous chemically, while very smooth energetically, is considered. A possible mechanism which could lead to such a picture is a large and inhomogeneous lepton asymmetry. The model may…
On the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the first observation of Ce volume collapse in CeN a remembrance of the implications of that transcendent event is presented, along with a review of the knowledge of Ce physical properties…
The tight connection between mass and energy unveiled by Special Relativity, summarized by the iconic formula $E = mc^2$, has revolutionized our understanding of nature and even shaped our political world over the past century through its…
Knowledge of the composition of material that will form planets is crucial to understand planetary diversity and the occurrence of potentially habitable planets. Ultimately, it is the chemistry in circumstellar disks that determines the…
The historical process of the genesis of the extensive or substance-like quantities took place in two steps. First, global conservation or non-conservation was discovered. Only later did it become possible to formulate the balance locally…
The evidence for a Big Bang origin of the Universe is truly compelling, though its cause remains a complete mystery. As the cosmic spacetime is revealed to us with ever improving detail, however, we are beginning to refine the range of its…
After hydrogen and helium, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen - hereinafter, the CNO elements - are the most abundant species in the universe. They are observed in all kinds of astrophysical environments, from the smallest to the largest scales,…
This paper proposes spatial periodic table developed based on classic electron shell structure model. The periodic table determines location and chemical properties of superheavy elements. 14 new long-living superheavy elements found by…
Normal bases in finite fields constitute a vast topic of large theoretical and practical interest. Recently, $k$-normal elements were introduced as a natural extension of normal elements. The existence and the number of $k$-normal elements…
The experimental shock wave, discovery in quantum systems is the important one through last years. This effect has several phenomenological explanations. It seems to us there is interesting, especially from the systematical point of view,…
A prediction of standard inflationary cosmology is that the elemental composition of the medium out of which the earliest stars and galaxies condensed consisted primarily of hydrogen and helium 4He with small admixtures of deuterium,…
Some 50~years ago, physicists, and after them the entire world, started to found their time reference on atomic properties instead of motions of the Earth that have been in use since the origin. Far from being an arrival point, this…
Carbon is one of the most intriguing elements in the Periodic Table. It forms many allotropes, some being known from ancient times (diamond and graphite) and some discovered ten to twenty years ago (fullerenes, nanotubes). Quite…
Revolutionary advances in both theory and technology have launched cosmology into its most exciting period of discovery yet. Unanticipated components of the universe have been identified, promising ideas for understanding the basic features…
Our knowledge on the possible existence in nature of stable exotic particles depends solely upon experimental observation. Guided by this general principle and motivated by theoretical hypotheses on the existence of stable particles of…
Superconductivity in the simple elements is of both technological relevance and fundamental scientific interest in the investigation of superconductivity phenomena. Recent advances in the instrumentation of physics under pressure have…