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Atmospheric attenuation, atmospheric turbulence, geometric spread, and pointing errors, degrade the performance of free-space optical transmission. In the weak turbulence regime, the probability density function describing the distribution…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-25 Carmen Álvarez Roa , Yunus Can Gültekin , Kaiquan Wu , Cornelis Willem Korevaar , Alex Alvarado

Performance of Free Space Optical (FSO) communication system is affected by atmospheric turbulences and pointing errors. These effects can easily be mitigated by adapting natural system parameters such as wavelength. In this paper,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-02-27 Mohammad Ali Amirabadi

Optical wireless communication (OWC) is highly vulnerable to the atmospheric turbulence and pointing error. Performance analysis of the OWC system under the combined channel effects of pointing errors and atmospheric turbulence is desirable…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-16 Kartik Wardhan , S. M. Zafaruddin

Free space optical (FSO) communication has been receiving increasing attention in recent years with its ability to achieve ultra-high data rates over unlicensed optical spectrum. A major performance limiting factor in FSO systems is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-21 Mohammadreza Aminikashani , Mohsen Kavehrad

A major performance degrading factor in free space optical communication (FSO) systems is atmospheric turbulence. Spatial diversity techniques provide a promising approach to mitigate turbulence-induced fading. In this paper, we study the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-02-03 Mohmmadreza Aminikashani , Murat Uysal , Mohsen Kavehrad

In this paper, we investigate the performance of the dual-hop free space optical (FSO) communication systems under the effect of strong atmospheric turbulence together with misalignment effects (pointing error). We consider a relay assisted…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-19 Neha Mishra , D. Sriram Kumar , Pranav Kumar Jha

Free-space optical communication is emerging as a low-power, low-cost, and high data rate alternative to radio-frequency communication in short-to medium-range applications. However, it requires a close-to-line-of-sight link between the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-10 I. N'Doye , W. Cai , A. Alalwan , X. Sun , W. G. Headary , M. -S. Alouini , B. -S. Ooi , T. -M. Laleg-Kirati

Nowadays, the subsistent anisotropic non-Kolmogorov (ANK) turbulence models are all established on the supposition that the long axis of turbulence cell ought to be level with the ground. Nevertheless, Beason et al. and Wang et al. have…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-03-19 Chao Zhai , Zhenyuan Xue

Weak turbulence is commonly modeled using the log-normal distribution. Our experimental results show that this distribution fails to capture irradiance fluctuations in this regime. The Gamma-Gamma model is shown to be more accurate.

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-28 Carmen Álvarez Roa , Yunus Can Gültekin , Vincent van Vliet , Menno van den Hout , Chigo Okonkwo , Alex Alvarado

One of the major challenges for long range, high speed Free-Space Optical (FSO) communication is turbulence induced beam wander. Beam wander causes fluctuations in the received intensity as well as crosstalk in mode division multiplexed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-25 Mitchell A. Cox , Lucas Gailele , Ling Cheng , Andrew Forbes

We propose an adaptive transmission technique for free space optical (FSO) systems, operating in atmospheric turbulence and employing subcarrier phase shift keying (S-PSK) intensity modulation. Exploiting the constant envelope…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Nestor D. Chatzidiamantis , Athanasios S. Lioumpas , George K. Karagiannidis , Shlomi Arnon

The foundations of weak turbulence theory is explored through its application to the (alpha) Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) model, a simple weakly nonlinear dispersive system. A direct application of the standard kinetic equations would miss…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter R. Kramer , Joseph A. BIello , Yury Lvov

In this work, we present a unified performance analysis of a free-space optical (FSO) link that accounts for pointing errors and both types of detection techniques (i.e. intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) as well as heterodyne…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-16 Imran Shafique Ansari , Ferkan Yilmaz , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Free space optics (FSO) is a promising solution for the need to very high data rate point-to point communication. FSO communication technology became popular due to its large bandwidth potential, unlicensed spectrum, excellent security and…

Optics · Physics 2012-03-15 Bobby Barua , Tanzia Afrin Haque , Md. Rezwan Islam

The performance analysis of free space optical communication (FSO) systems using relays and spatial diversity at the transmitter end is presented in this paper. The impact of atmospheric turbulence and attenuation caused by different…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-28 Pranav Kumar Jha , Nitin Kachare , K Kalyani , D. Sriram Kumar

This paper extends some approximation methods that are used to identify closed form Bit Error Rate (BER) expressions which are frequently utilized in investigation and comparison of performance for wireless communication systems in the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Tugcan Aktas , Ali Ozgur Yilmaz , Emre Aktas

In this work, the performance analysis of a dual-hop relay transmission system composed of asymmetric radio-frequency (RF)/free-space optical (FSO) links with pointing errors is presented. More specifically, we build on the system model…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-02-19 Imran Shafique Ansari , Ferkan Yilmaz , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

This paper presents a unified analysis of the mixed radio-frequency (RF)/free-space optics (FSO) relaying system, with multiple variable-gain amplify-and-forward relays. The partial relay selection (PRS) is employed to select the active…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Milica I. Petkovic , Zeljen Trpovski

A novel general ready-to-use bit-error rate (BER) expression for one-dimensional constellations is developed. The BER analysis is performed for bit patterns that form a labeling. The number of patterns for equally spaced M-PAM…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Mikhail Ivanov , Fredrik Brännström , Alex Alvarado , Erik Agrell

Channel turbulence is a formidable obstacle for free-space optical (FSO) communication. Anticipation of turbulence levels is highly important for mitigating disruptions but has not been demonstrated without dedicated, auxiliary hardware. We…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-26 Md Zobaer Islam , Ethan Abele , Fahim Ferdous Hossain , Arsalan Ahmad , Sabit Ekin , John F. O'Hara
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