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Translating legacy C codebases to Rust is increasingly demanded for building safety-critical systems. While various approaches have emerged for this task, they face inherent trade-offs: rule-based methods often struggle to satisfy code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Chaofan Wang , Tingrui Yu , Beijun Shen , Jie Wang , Dong Chen , Wenrui Zhang , Yuling Shi , Chen Xie , Xiaodong Gu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used for the task of automated code translation, which has important real-world applications. However, most existing approaches use only the source code of a program as an input to an LLM,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Vikram Nitin , Rahul Krishna , Baishakhi Ray

C-to-Rust transpilation is essential for modernizing legacy C code while enhancing safety and interoperability with modern Rust ecosystems. However, no dataset currently exists for evaluating whether a system can transpile C into safe Rust…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Anirudh Khatry , Robert Zhang , Jia Pan , Ziteng Wang , Qiaochu Chen , Greg Durrett , Isil Dillig

Code translation aims to convert source code from one programming language (PL) to another. Given the promising abilities of large language models (LLMs) in code synthesis, researchers are exploring their potential to automate code…

The Rust programming language, with its safety guarantees, has established itself as a viable choice for low-level systems programming language over the traditional, unsafe alternatives like C/C++. These guarantees come from a strong…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Pantazis Deligiannis , Akash Lal , Nikita Mehrotra , Aseem Rastogi

Code translation is crucial for cross-language codebase migration, and large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising technique to automate this process. However, the security implications of using LLMs for code translation remain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Hailong Chang , Guozhu Meng , Shuhui Xiao , Kai Chen , Kun Sun , Yilin Li

Memory safety violations in low-level code, written in languages like C, continues to remain one of the major sources of software vulnerabilities. One method of removing such violations by construction is to port C code to a safe C dialect.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Nausheen Mohammed , Akash Lal , Aseem Rastogi , Subhajit Roy , Rahul Sharma

Rust is a programming language that combines memory safety and low-level control, providing C-like performance while guaranteeing the absence of undefined behaviors by default. Rust's growing popularity has prompted research on safe and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Aidan Z. H. Yang , Yoshiki Takashima , Brandon Paulsen , Josiah Dodds , Daniel Kroening

Continuous Integration (CI) configurations often need to be migrated between services (e.g., Travis CI to GitHub Actions) as projects evolve, due to changes in service capabilities, usage limits, or service deprecation. Previous studies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Md Nazmul Hossain , Taher A. Ghaleb

Library migration is the process of replacing one library with another library that provides similar functionality. Manual library migration is time consuming and error prone, as it requires developers to understand the APIs of both…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Md Mohayeminul Islam , Ajay Kumar Jha , May Mahmoud , Ildar Akhmetov , Sarah Nadi

Modern software programs are built on stacks that are often undergoing changes that introduce updates and improvements, but may also break any project that depends upon them. In this paper we explore the use of Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Katherine A. Rosenfeld , Cliff C. Kerr , Jessica Lundin

Migrating legacy C repositories to Rust promises stronger memory safety, but existing translators often work at the level of files or functions and miss architectural intent. We present RustPrint, a documentation-guided agentic framework…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Minh Le-Anh , Anh Nguyen Hoang , Bach Le , Nghi D. Q. Bui

Automating C-to-Rust migration for industrial software remains difficult because build-critical context is scattered across compile configurations, macros, external symbols, and cross-module dependencies, while reusable migration knowledge…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shengbo Wang , Mingwei Liu , Guangsheng Ou , Yuwen Chen , Zike Li , Yanlin Wang , Zibin Zheng

Rust is a multi-paradigm programming language developed by Mozilla that focuses on performance and safety. Rust code is arguably known best for its speed and memory safety, a property essential while developing embedded systems. Thus, it…

Rust aims to offer full memory safety for programs, a guarantee that untamed C programs do not enjoy. How difficult is it to translate existing C code to Rust? To get a complementary view from that of automatic C to Rust translators, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Ruishi Li , Bo Wang , Tianyu Li , Prateek Saxena , Ashish Kundu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in various software engineering tasks, including error detection, clone detection, and code translation, primarily leveraging high-resource programming languages like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Razan Baltaji , Saurabh Pujar , Louis Mandel , Martin Hirzel , Luca Buratti , Lav Varshney

As quantum software frameworks evolve, developers face increasing challenges in maintaining compatibility with rapidly changing APIs. In this work, we present a novel methodology for refactoring Qiskit code using large language models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-18 José Manuel Suárez , Luis Mariano Bibbó , Joaquin Bogado , Alejandro Fernandez

The popularity of the Rust language continues to explode; yet, many critical codebases remain authored in C. Automatically translating C to Rust is thus an appealing course of action. Several works have gone down this path, handling an…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Aymeric Fromherz , Jonathan Protzenko

Large-scale migration of legacy C code to Rust offers a promising path toward improving memory safety, but LLM-based C-to-Rust translation remains challenging due to limited context windows and hallucinations. Prior approaches are evaluated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Muhammad Farrukh , Baris Coskun , Tapti Palit , Michalis Polychronakis

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in handling multilingual machine translation (MMT). In this paper, we systematically investigate the advantages and challenges of LLMs for MMT by answering two questions:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Wenhao Zhu , Hongyi Liu , Qingxiu Dong , Jingjing Xu , Shujian Huang , Lingpeng Kong , Jiajun Chen , Lei Li