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Fault tolerant quantum computing methods which work with efficient quantum error correcting codes are discussed. Several new techniques are introduced to restrict accumulation of errors before or during the recovery. Classes of eligible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Andrew M. Steane

Block encoding is a key ingredient in the recently developed quantum singular value transformation (QSVT) framework, which provides a unifying description for many quantum algorithms. Initially introduced to simplify and optimize resource…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Nhat A. Nghiem , Tzu-Chieh Wei

Quantum computing holds the potential to revolutionize various fields by efficiently tackling complex problems. At its core are quantum circuits, sequences of quantum gates manipulating quantum states. The selection of the right quantum…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Xiaoyu Guo , Takahiro Muta , Jianjun Zhao

Near-term hardware is constrained by high error rates, small qubit counts, and relatively low output fidelity, making the execution of large, high performance quantum circuits difficult. Circuit partitioning (or circuit cutting) has emerged…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Connor Howe , Cristina Radian , Justin Woodring , Vardaan Sahgal , Brian J. McDermott

Methods of quantum mechanics promise information-theoretic security for various protocols in cryptography. However, impossibility of some cryptographic applications such as standard bit commitment, oblivious transfer, multiparty secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-03 Muhammad Nadeem

Quantum circuits are the fundamental representation of quantum algorithms and constitute valuable intellectual property (IP). Multiple quantum circuit obfuscation (QCO) techniques have been proposed in prior research to protect quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-10 Hongyu Zhang , Yuntao Liu

Bug patterns are erroneous code idioms or bad coding practices that have been proved to fail time and time again, which are usually caused by the misunderstanding of a programming language's features, the use of erroneous design patterns,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Pengzhan Zhao , Jianjun Zhao , Lei Ma

Quantum copy protection uses the unclonability of quantum states to construct quantum software that provably cannot be pirated. Copy protection would be immensely useful, but unfortunately little is known about how to achieve it in general.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Scott Aaronson , Jiahui Liu , Qipeng Liu , Mark Zhandry , Ruizhe Zhang

We describe Qiskit, a software development kit for quantum information science. We discuss the key design decisions that have shaped its development, and examine the software architecture and its core components. We demonstrate an…

Control flow obfuscation (CFO) alters the control flow path of a program without altering its semantics. Existing literature has proposed several techniques; however, a quick survey reveals a lack of clarity in the types of techniques…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-01 Renuka Kumar , Anjana Mariam Kurian

Exploiting the properties of quantum information to the benefit of machine learning models is perhaps the most active field of research in quantum computation. This interest has supported the development of a multitude of software…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-24 Francesco Di Marcantonio , Massimiliano Incudini , Davide Tezza , Michele Grossi

Neural network stealing attacks have posed grave threats to neural network model deployment. Such attacks can be launched by extracting neural architecture information, such as layer sequence and dimension parameters, through leaky…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Jingtao Li , Zhezhi He , Adnan Siraj Rakin , Deliang Fan , Chaitali Chakrabarti

This paper introduces KRATT, a removal and structural analysis attack against state-of-the-art logic locking techniques, such as single and double flip locking techniques (SFLTs and DFLTs). KRATT utilizes powerful quantified Boolean…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Levent Aksoy , Muhammad Yasin , Samuel Pagliarini

Plagiarism detection in programming education faces growing challenges due to increasingly sophisticated obfuscation techniques, particularly automated refactoring-based attacks. While code plagiarism detection systems used in education…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Robin Maisch , Larissa Schmid , Timur Sağlam , Nils Niehues

Major obstacles remain to the implementation of macroscopic quantum computing: hardware problems of noise, decoherence, and scaling; software problems of error correction; and, most important, algorithm construction. Finding truly quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-17 Nathan Thompson , James Steck , Elizabeth Behrman

Quantum computing is a growing field with significant potential applications. Learning how to code quantum programs means understanding how qubits work and learning to use quantum gates. This is analogous to creating classical algorithms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-14 Tamás Varga , Yaiza Aragonés-Soria , Manuel Oriol

CoqQ is a framework for reasoning about quantum programs in the Coq proof assistant. Its main components are: a deeply embedded quantum programming language, in which classic quantum algorithms are easily expressed, and an expressive…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Li Zhou , Gilles Barthe , Pierre-Yves Strub , Junyi Liu , Mingsheng Ying

Suppressing errors is the central challenge for useful quantum computing, requiring quantum error correction for large-scale processing. However, the overhead in the realization of error-corrected ``logical'' qubits, where information is…

Quantum error correcting codes protect quantum computation from errors caused by decoherence and other noise. Here we study the problem of designing logical operations for quantum error correcting codes. We present an automated procedure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-25 Hongxiang Chen , Michael Vasmer , Nikolas P. Breuckmann , Edward Grant

In this paper, we present the Quantum Information Software Developer Kit - Qiskit, for teaching quantum computing to undergraduate students, with basic knowledge of quantum mechanics postulates. We focus on presenting the construction of…