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Related papers: STI-Bench: Are MLLMs Ready for Precise Spatial-Tem…

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Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in integrating vision and language for complex reasoning. While most existing benchmarks evaluate models under offline settings with a fixed set…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jingli Lin , Chenming Zhu , Runsen Xu , Xiaohan Mao , Xihui Liu , Tai Wang , Jiangmiao Pang

The recent rapid development of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) has indicated their potential for embodied tasks.However, the critical skill of spatial understanding in embodied environments has not been thoroughly evaluated, leaving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Mengfei Du , Binhao Wu , Zejun Li , Xuanjing Huang , Zhongyu Wei

The application of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in Autonomous Driving (AD) faces significant challenges due to their limited training on traffic-specific data and the absence of dedicated benchmarks for spatiotemporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Korawat Charoenpitaks , Van-Quang Nguyen , Masanori Suganuma , Kentaro Arai , Seiji Totsuka , Hiroshi Ino , Takayuki Okatani

Spatial cognition is fundamental to real-world multimodal intelligence, allowing models to effectively interact with the physical environment. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant strides, existing benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Peiran Xu , Sudong Wang , Yao Zhu , Jianing Li , Gege Qi , Yunjian Zhang

Humans possess spatial reasoning abilities that enable them to understand spaces through multimodal observations, such as vision and sound. Large multimodal reasoning models extend these abilities by learning to perceive and reason, showing…

The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs) holds promise for reforming the methodology of spatio-temporal data mining. However, current works for evaluating the spatio-temporal understanding capability of LLMs are somewhat limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Wenbin Li , Di Yao , Ruibo Zhao , Wenjie Chen , Zijie Xu , Chengxue Luo , Chang Gong , Quanliang Jing , Haining Tan , Jingping Bi

The Multi-Modal Large Language Model (MLLM) refers to an extension of the Large Language Model (LLM) equipped with the capability to receive and infer multi-modal data. Spatial awareness stands as one of the crucial abilities of MLLM,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Yongqiang Zhao , Zhenyu Li , Zhi Jin , Feng Zhang , Haiyan Zhao , Chengfeng Dou , Zhengwei Tao , Xinhai Xu , Donghong Liu

Traffic prediction, an essential component for intelligent transportation systems, endeavours to use historical data to foresee future traffic features at specific locations. Although existing traffic prediction models often emphasize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Chenxi Liu , Sun Yang , Qianxiong Xu , Zhishuai Li , Cheng Long , Ziyue Li , Rui Zhao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive 2D image/video understanding capabilities. However, there are no publicly standardized benchmarks to assess the abilities of MLLMs in understanding the 4D objects (3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Wenxuan Zhu , Bing Li , Cheng Zheng , Jinjie Mai , Jun Chen , Letian Jiang , Abdullah Hamdi , Sara Rojas Martinez , Chia-Wen Lin , Mohamed Elhoseiny , Bernard Ghanem

The emergence of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) has significantly advanced video understanding capabilities. However, existing benchmarks focus predominantly on coarse-grained tasks such as action segmentation, classification,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Aditya Chetan , Eric Cai , Peeyush Kushwaha , Bharath Raj Nagoor Kani , Utkarsh Mall , Qianqian Wang , Noah Snavely , Bharath Hariharan

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities in general spatial understanding and reasoning. However, their fine-grained spatial understanding and reasoning capabilities in complex urban scenarios have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jun Zhang , Jie Feng , Long Chen , Junhui Wang , Zhicheng Liu , Depeng Jin , Yong Li

4D spatial intelligence involves perceiving and processing how objects move or change over time. Humans naturally possess 4D spatial intelligence, supporting a broad spectrum of spatial reasoning abilities. To what extent can Multimodal…

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have rapidly advanced in visual tasks, yet their spatial understanding remains limited to single images, leaving them ill-suited for physical-world applications that require multi-frame reasoning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Runsen Xu , Weiyao Wang , Hao Tang , Xingyu Chen , Xiaodong Wang , Fu-Jen Chu , Matt Feiszli , Kevin J. Liang

Spatial intelligence is essential for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) operating in the complex physical world. Existing benchmarks, however, probe only single-image relations and thus fail to assess the multi-image spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sihan Yang , Runsen Xu , Yiman Xie , Sizhe Yang , Mo Li , Jingli Lin , Chenming Zhu , Xiaochen Chen , Haodong Duan , Xiangyu Yue , Dahua Lin , Tai Wang , Jiangmiao Pang

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and reasoning about visual content, but significant challenges persist in tasks requiring cross-viewpoint understanding and spatial reasoning. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Dingming Li , Hongxing Li , Zixuan Wang , Yuchen Yan , Hang Zhang , Siqi Chen , Guiyang Hou , Shengpei Jiang , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu , Yueting Zhuang

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive performance on semantic tasks, their spatial intelligence--crucial for robust and grounded AI systems--remains underdeveloped. Existing benchmarks fall short of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mingrui Wu , Zhaozhi Wang , Fangjinhua Wang , Jiaolong Yang , Marc Pollefeys , Tong Zhang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in general vision-language tasks. However, recent studies have exposed critical limitations in their spatial reasoning capabilities. This deficiency in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Huanyu Zhang , Chengzu Li , Wenshan Wu , Shaoguang Mao , Yifan Zhang , Haochen Tian , Ivan Vulić , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Tieniu Tan , Furu Wei

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) show significant strides in general-purpose multimodal applications such as visual dialogue and embodied navigation. However, existing multimodal evaluation benchmarks cover a limited number of…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have undergone rapid progress, largely attributed to reinforcement learning on complex reasoning tasks. In contrast, while spatial intelligence is fundamental for Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zijian Song , Xiaoxin Lin , Qiuming Huang , Sihan Qin , Guangrun Wang , Liang Lin

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have achieved impressive performance in 2D image understanding, however they are still struggling with spatial understanding which is the foundation of Embodied AI. In this paper, we propose SpatialBot for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Wenxiao Cai , Iaroslav Ponomarenko , Jianhao Yuan , Xiaoqi Li , Wankou Yang , Hao Dong , Bo Zhao
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