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Many popular graph metrics encode average properties of individual network elements. Complementing these conventional graph metrics, the eigenvalue spectrum of the normalized Laplacian describes a network's structure directly at a systems…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2019-09-17 Yangyang Chen , Yi Zhao

For the high-dimensional Kuramoto model with identical oscillators under a general digraph that has a directed spanning tree, although exponential synchronization was proved under some initial state constraints, the exact exponential…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-02-09 Shanshan Peng , Jinxing Zhang , Jiandong Zhu , Jianquan Lu , Xiaodi Li

For a given infinite connected graph $G=(V,E)$ and an arbitrary but fixed conductance function $c$, we study an associated graph Laplacian $\Delta_{c}$; it is a generalized difference operator where the differences are measured across the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2015-06-19 Palle Jorgensen , Feng Tian

This paper investigates the use of methods from partial differential equations and the Calculus of variations to study learning problems that are regularized using graph Laplacians. Graph Laplacians are a powerful, flexible method for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-30 Nicolas Garcia Trillos , Ryan Murray

This short note aims at (re)proving that the symmetrically normalized graph Laplacian $L=\Id - D^{-1/2}WD^{-1/2}$ (from a graph defined from a Gaussian weighting kernel on a sampled smooth manifold) converges towards the continuous Manifold…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2011-01-10 Laurent Jacques

In this article we consider the spectrum of a Laplacian matrix, also known as the Markov matrix, under the independence assumption. We assume that the entries have a variance profile. Motivated by recent works on generalized Wigner matrices…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-07-13 Anirban Chatterjee , Rajat Subhra Hazra

Based on matrix perturbation theory, closed-form analytic expansions are studied for a Laplacian eigenvalue of an undirected, possibly weighted graph, which is close to a unique degree in that graph. An approximation is presented to provide…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-29 Piet Van Mieghem , Yingyue Ke

Though commonly found in the real world, directed networks have received relatively less attention from the literature in which concerns their topological and dynamical characteristics. In this work, we develop a magnetic Laplacian-based…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Bruno Messias , Luciano da F. Costa

A new class of isospectral graphs is presented. These graphs are isospectral with respect to both the normalised Laplacian on the discrete graph and the standard differential Laplacian on the corresponding metric graph. The new class of…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2023-02-20 Pavel Kurasov , Jacob Muller

We show that for any connected graph $G$ with maximum degree $d\ge3$, the spectral gap from $0$ with respect to the adjacency matrix is at most $\sqrt{d-1}$, with equality if and only if $G$ is the incidence graph of a finite projective…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-01 Yuhan Guo , Dong Zhang

Graphs are naturally sparse objects that are used to study many problems involving networks, for example, distributed learning and graph signal processing. In some cases, the graph is not given, but must be learned from the problem and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-08-31 Martin Sundin , Arun Venkitaraman , Magnus Jansson , Saikat Chatterjee

This paper surveys some recent results and progress on the extremal prob- lems in a given set consisting of all simple connected graphs with the same graphic degree sequence. In particular, we study and characterize the extremal graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-10-08 Xiao-Dong Zhang

It is well known that if a network topology is a path or line and the states of vertices or nodes evolve according to the consensus policy, then the network is Laplacian controllable by an input connected to its terminal vertex. In this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-02-18 Shun-Pin Hsu , Ping-Yen Yang

We examine numerically the three-way relationships among structure, Laplacian spectra and frequency synchronization dynamics on complex networks. We study the effects of clustering, degree distribution and a particular type of coupling…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-13 Patrick N. McGraw , Michael Menzinger

We propose a Laplacian based on general inner product spaces, which we call the inner product Laplacian. We show the combinatorial and normalized graph Laplacians, as well as other Laplacians for hypergraphs and directed graphs, are special…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-16 Sinan G. Aksoy , Stephen J. Young

There is an important parameter in control theory which is closely related to the directed matching ratio of the network, as shown by Liu, Slotine and Barab\'asi (2011). We give proofs on two main statements of that paper on the directed…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-05-14 Dorottya Beringer , Ádám Timár

This paper targets at exploring how to characterize collective behaviors of directed signed networks. The right eigenvector of the Laplacian matrix associated with zero eigenvalue is further investigated and its mathematical expression is…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-07 Wen Du , Deyuan Meng , Mingjun Du

Almost equitable partitions (AEPs) have been linked to cluster synchronization in oscillatory systems, highlighting the importance of structure in collective network dynamics. We provide a general spectral framework that formalizes this…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Tobias Timofeyev , Alice Patania

We give a combinatorial characterization of graphs whose normalized Laplacian has three distinct eigenvalues. Strongly regular graphs and complete bipartite graphs are examples of such graphs, but we also construct more exotic families of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-02-15 Edwin R. van Dam , Gholamreza Omidi

In this paper, we characterize all connected graphs with exactly three distinct normalized Laplacian eigenvalues of which one is equal to $1$, determine all connected bipartite graphs with at least one vertex of degree $1$ having exactly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-28 Xueyi Huang , Qiongxiang Huang