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The paper investigates the fundamental convergence properties of Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM), a recently proposed gradient-based optimization method [Foret et al., 2021] that significantly improves the generalization of deep neural…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-22 Pham Duy Khanh , Hoang-Chau Luong , Boris S. Mordukhovich , Dat Ba Tran

Understanding the generalization behavior of learning algorithms is a central goal of learning theory. A recently emerging explanation is that learning algorithms are successful in practice because they converge to flat minima, which have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Matan Schliserman , Shira Vansover-Hager , Tomer Koren

Domain generalization (DG) aims to incorporate knowledge from multiple source domains into a single model that could generalize well on unseen target domains. This problem is ubiquitous in practice since the distributions of the target data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-26 Shoubo Hu , Kun Zhang , Zhitang Chen , Laiwan Chan

This paper introduces Domain Generalization Sharpness-Aware Minimization Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning (DGS-MAML), a novel meta-learning algorithm designed to generalize across tasks with limited training data. DGS-MAML combines gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Usman Anjum , Chris Stockman , Cat Luong , Justin Zhan

It is commonly believed that gradient compression in federated learning (FL) enjoys significant improvement in communication efficiency with negligible performance degradation. In this paper, we find that gradient compression induces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yujie Gu , Richeng Jin , Zhaoyang Zhang , Huaiyu Dai

Models trained in federated settings often suffer from degraded performances and fail at generalizing, especially when facing heterogeneous scenarios. In this work, we investigate such behavior through the lens of geometry of the loss and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Debora Caldarola , Barbara Caputo , Marco Ciccone

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) aims to improve generalization by minimizing a worst-case perturbed loss over a small neighborhood of model parameters. However, during training, its optimization behavior does not always align with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Hongru Duan , Yongle Chen , Lei Guan

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has substantially improved the generalization of neural networks under various settings. Despite the success, its effectiveness remains poorly understood. In this work, we discover an intriguing phenomenon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Zhanpeng Zhou , Mingze Wang , Yuchen Mao , Bingrui Li , Junchi Yan

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) is an effective method for improving generalization ability by regularizing loss sharpness. In this paper, we explore SAM in the context of adversarial robustness. We find that using only SAM can achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Zeming Wei , Jingyu Zhu , Yihao Zhang

Deep neural networks are often overparameterized and may not easily achieve model generalization. Adversarial training has shown effectiveness in improving generalization by regularizing the change of loss on top of adversarially chosen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Wenxuan Zhou , Fangyu Liu , Huan Zhang , Muhao Chen

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) has well documented merits in enhancing generalization of deep neural networks, even without sizable data augmentation. Embracing the geometry of the loss function, where neighborhoods of 'flat minima'…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Bingcong Li , Georgios B. Giannakis

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has been instrumental in improving deep neural network training by minimizing both training loss and loss sharpness. Despite the practical success, the mechanisms behind SAM's generalization enhancements…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Tao Li , Pan Zhou , Zhengbao He , Xinwen Cheng , Xiaolin Huang

The recently proposed Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) improves generalization by minimizing a \textit{perturbed loss} defined as the maximum loss within a neighborhood in the parameter space. However, we show that both sharp and flat…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Juntang Zhuang , Boqing Gong , Liangzhe Yuan , Yin Cui , Hartwig Adam , Nicha Dvornek , Sekhar Tatikonda , James Duncan , Ting Liu

Domain generalization (DG) aims to train a model to perform well in unseen domains under different distributions. This paper considers a more realistic yet more challenging scenario,namely Single Domain Generalization (Single-DG), where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Jiajin Zhang , Hanqing Chao , Amit Dhurandhar , Pin-Yu Chen , Ali Tajer , Yangyang Xu , Pingkun Yan

Domain Generalization (DG) aims to generalize to arbitrary unseen domains. A promising approach to improve model generalization in DG is the identification of flat minima. One typical method for this task is SWAD, which involves averaging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Jian Zhang , Lei Qi , Yinghuan Shi , Yang Gao

Deep neural networks have been increasingly used in safety-critical applications such as medical diagnosis and autonomous driving. However, many studies suggest that they are prone to being poorly calibrated and have a propensity for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Chengli Tan , Yubo Zhou , Haishan Ye , Guang Dai , Junmin Liu , Zengjie Song , Jiangshe Zhang , Zixiang Zhao , Yunda Hao , Yong Xu

Domain Generalization (DG) aims to learn models whose performance remains high on unseen domains encountered at test-time by using data from multiple related source domains. Many existing DG algorithms reduce the divergence between source…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Akshay Mehra , Bhavya Kailkhura , Pin-Yu Chen , Jihun Hamm

Domain generalization (DG) strives to address distribution shifts across diverse environments to enhance model's generalizability. Current DG approaches are confined to acquiring robust representations with continuous features, specifically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Shaocong Long , Qianyu Zhou , Xikun Jiang , Chenhao Ying , Lizhuang Ma , Yuan Luo

Targeting solutions over `flat' regions of the loss landscape, sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) has emerged as a powerful tool to improve generalizability of deep neural network based learning. While several SAM variants have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Yilang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Georgios B. Giannakis

The allure of superhuman-level capabilities has led to considerable interest in language models like GPT-3 and T5, wherein the research has, by and large, revolved around new model architectures, training tasks, and loss objectives, along…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Dara Bahri , Hossein Mobahi , Yi Tay