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Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have revolutionized generative modeling by producing high-fidelity, diverse, and visually realistic images from textual prompts. Despite these advances, existing models struggle with complex prompts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Eric Hanchen Jiang , Yasi Zhang , Zhi Zhang , Yixin Wan , Andrew Lizarraga , Shufan Li , Ying Nian Wu

Recent advances in Machine-Learning have led to the development of models that generate images based on a text description.Such large prompt-based text to image models (TTIs), trained on a considerable amount of data, allow the creation of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Chinmay Kulkarni , Stefania Druga , Minsuk Chang , Alex Fiannaca , Carrie Cai , Michael Terry

Reward models (RMs) are inherently non-neutral value functions designed and trained to encode specific objectives, such as human preferences or text-image alignment. RMs have become crucial components of text-to-image (T2I) generation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Salma Abdel Magid , Grace Guo , Esin Tureci , Amaya Dharmasiri , Vikram V. Ramaswamy , Hanspeter Pfister , Olga Russakovsky

Text-to-image (T2I) models offer great potential for creating virtually limitless synthetic data, a valuable resource compared to fixed and finite real datasets. Previous works evaluate the utility of synthetic data from T2I models on three…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Zhang Xiaofeng , Aaron Courville , Michal Drozdzal , Adriana Romero-Soriano

This paper presents a community-centered study of cultural limitations of text-to-image (T2I) models in the South Asian context. We theorize these failures using scholarship on dominant media regimes of representations and locate them…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Rida Qadri , Renee Shelby , Cynthia L. Bennett , Remi Denton

The rapid adoption of generative AI models in domains such as education, policing, and social media raises significant concerns about potential bias and safety issues, particularly along protected attributes, such as race and gender, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jane Castleman , Aleksandra Korolova

The proliferation of text-to-image diffusion models (T2I DMs) has led to an increased presence of AI-generated images in daily life. However, biased T2I models can generate content with specific tendencies, potentially influencing people's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Huayang Huang , Xiangye Jin , Jiaxu Miao , Yu Wu

Contemporary Text-to-Image (T2I) models frequently depend on qualitative human evaluations to assess the consistency between synthesized images and the text prompts. There is a demand for quantitative and automatic evaluation tools, given…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Ziyuan Qin , Dongjie Cheng , Haoyu Wang , Huahui Yi , Yuting Shao , Zhiyuan Fan , Kang Li , Qicheng Lao

Our research investigates the impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) models, specifically text-to-image generators (T2Is), on the representation of non-Western cultures, with a focus on Indian contexts. Despite the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Sourojit Ghosh , Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Sanjana Gautam , Shomir Wilson , Aylin Caliskan

Text-to-Image (T2I) models have shown great performance in generating images based on textual prompts. However, these models are vulnerable to unsafe input to generate unsafe content like sexual, harassment and illegal-activity images.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Zongyu Wu , Hongcheng Gao , Yueze Wang , Xiang Zhang , Suhang Wang

Modern text-to-image (T2I) models generate high-fidelity visuals but remain indifferent to individual user preferences. While existing reward models optimize for "average" human appeal, they fail to capture the inherent subjectivity of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Anne-Sofie Maerten , Juliane Verwiebe , Shyamgopal Karthik , Ameya Prabhu , Johan Wagemans , Matthias Bethge

This study analyzed images generated by three popular generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools - Midjourney, Stable Diffusion, and DALLE 2 - representing various occupations to investigate potential bias in AI generators. Our analysis…

General Economics · Economics 2024-03-06 Mi Zhou , Vibhanshu Abhishek , Timothy Derdenger , Jaymo Kim , Kannan Srinivasan

Recent progress in text-to-image (T2I) generation underscores the importance of reliable benchmarks in evaluating how accurately generated images reflect the semantics of their textual prompt. However, (1) existing benchmarks lack the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yibin Wang , Zhimin Li , Yuhang Zang , Jiazi Bu , Yujie Zhou , Yi Xin , Junjun He , Chunyu Wang , Qinglin Lu , Cheng Jin , Jiaqi Wang

Vast availability of text data has enabled widespread training and use of AI systems that not only learn and predict attributes from the text but also generate text automatically. However, these AI models also learn gender, racial and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-12 Nishtha Madaan , Gautam Singh , Sameep Mehta , Aditya Chetan , Brihi Joshi

Recent advancements in image generation technology have enabled widespread access to AI-generated imagery, prominently used in advertising, entertainment, and progressively in every form of visual content. However, these technologies often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Yannis Tevissen

In recent years, Text-to-Image (T2I) models have been extensively studied, especially with the emergence of diffusion models that achieve state-of-the-art results on T2I synthesis tasks. However, existing benchmarks heavily rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Eslam Mohamed Bakr , Pengzhan Sun , Xiaoqian Shen , Faizan Farooq Khan , Li Erran Li , Mohamed Elhoseiny

In the creative practice of text-to-image (TTI) generation, images are synthesized from textual prompts. By design, TTI models always yield an output, even if the prompt contains unknown terms. In this case, the model may generate default…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Hannu Simonen , Atte Kiviniemi , Hannah Johnston , Helena Barranha , Jonas Oppenlaender

Generative AI models have recently achieved astonishing results in quality and are consequently employed in a fast-growing number of applications. However, since they are highly data-driven, relying on billion-sized datasets randomly…

Generative AI does not only replicate human creativity but also reproduces deep-seated cultural biases, making it crucial to critically examine how concepts like ugliness are understood and expressed by these tools. This study investigates…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Garyoung Kim , Huisung Kwon , Seoju Yun , Yu-Won Youn

With the rapid advancement of large multimodal models (LMMs), recent text-to-image (T2I) models can generate high-quality images and demonstrate great alignment to short prompts. However, they still struggle to effectively understand and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Juntong Wang , Huiyu Duan , Jiarui Wang , Ziheng Jia , Guangtao Zhai , Xiongkuo Min