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Text-to-image generation models that generate images based on prompt descriptions have attracted an increasing amount of attention during the past few months. Despite their encouraging performance, these models raise concerns about the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Zeyang Sha , Zheng Li , Ning Yu , Yang Zhang

Text-to-image (T2I) models are increasingly employed by users worldwide. However, prior research has pointed to the high sensitivity of T2I towards particular input languages - when faced with languages other than English (i.e., different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Carolin Holtermann , Florian Schneider , Anne Lauscher

The field of text-to-image (T2I) generation has garnered significant attention both within the research community and among everyday users. Despite the advancements of T2I models, a common issue encountered by users is the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Wanrong Zhu , Xinyi Wang , Yujie Lu , Tsu-Jui Fu , Xin Eric Wang , Miguel Eckstein , William Yang Wang

Recent studies have shown that Text-to-Image (T2I) model generations can reflect social stereotypes present in the real world. However, existing approaches for evaluating stereotypes have a noticeable lack of coverage of global identity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Akshita Jha , Vinodkumar Prabhakaran , Remi Denton , Sarah Laszlo , Shachi Dave , Rida Qadri , Chandan K. Reddy , Sunipa Dev

Text-to-image (T2I) models have made substantial progress in generating images from textual prompts. However, they frequently fail to produce images consistent with physical commonsense, a vital capability for applications in world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Fanqing Meng , Wenqi Shao , Lixin Luo , Yahong Wang , Yiran Chen , Quanfeng Lu , Yue Yang , Tianshuo Yang , Kaipeng Zhang , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo

Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models rely on encoded prompts to guide the image generation process. Typically, these prompts are extended to a fixed length by adding padding tokens before text encoding. Despite being a default practice, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Michael Toker , Ido Galil , Hadas Orgad , Rinon Gal , Yoad Tewel , Gal Chechik , Yonatan Belinkov

Text-to-image (T2I) models achieve high-fidelity generation through extensive training on large datasets. However, these models may unintentionally pick up undesirable biases of their training data, such as over-representation of particular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Shufan Li , Harkanwar Singh , Aditya Grover

Generative AI for image creation emerges as a staple in the toolkit of digital artists, visual designers, and the general public. Social media users have many tools to shape their visual representation: image editing tools, filters, face…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-12-02 Yan Asadchy , Maximilian Schich

High-quality and open datasets remain a major bottleneck for text-to-image (T2I) fine-tuning. Despite rapid progress in model architectures and training pipelines, most publicly available fine-tuning datasets suffer from low resolution,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Xu Ma , Yitian Zhang , Qihua Dong , Yun Fu

Bias amplification is a phenomenon in which models exacerbate biases or stereotypes present in the training data. In this paper, we study bias amplification in the text-to-image domain using Stable Diffusion by comparing gender ratios in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Preethi Seshadri , Sameer Singh , Yanai Elazar

Large multimodal models (LMMs) have revolutionized text-to-image generation, but they risk perpetuating the harmful social biases in their training data. Prior work has identified gender bias in these models, but methodological limitations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Juan Manuel Contreras

Recent works have found evidence of gender bias in models of machine translation and coreference resolution using mostly synthetic diagnostic datasets. While these quantify bias in a controlled experiment, they often do so on a small scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Shahar Levy , Koren Lazar , Gabriel Stanovsky

Recent text-to-image (T2I) models have had great success, and many benchmarks have been proposed to evaluate their performance and safety. However, they only consider explicit prompts while neglecting implicit prompts (hint at a target…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Yue Yang , Yuqi Lin , Hong Liu , Wenqi Shao , Runjian Chen , Hailong Shang , Yu Wang , Yu Qiao , Kaipeng Zhang , Ping Luo

Text-to-image (TTI) diffusion models have achieved remarkable visual quality, yet they have been repeatedly shown to exhibit social biases across sensitive attributes such as gender, race and age. To mitigate these biases, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Manos Plitsis , Giorgos Bouritsas , Vassilis Katsouros , Yannis Panagakis

Multilingual text-to-image (T2I) models have advanced rapidly in terms of visual realism and semantic alignment, and are now widely utilized. Yet outputs vary across cultural contexts: because language carries cultural connotations, images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Chuancheng Shi , Shangze Li , Shiming Guo , Simiao Xie , Wenhua Wu , Jingtong Dou , Chao Wu , Canran Xiao , Cong Wang , Zifeng Cheng , Fei Shen , Tat-Seng Chua

Text embedding is becoming an increasingly popular AI methodology, especially among businesses, yet the potential of text embedding models to be biased is not well understood. This paper examines the degree to which a selection of popular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Vasyl Rakivnenko , Nestor Maslej , Jessica Cervi , Volodymyr Zhukov

Current bias evaluations in Instruction Text-to-Speech (ITTS) often rely on univariate testing, overlooking the compositional structure of social cues. In this work, we investigate gender bias by modeling prompts as combinations of Social…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Kuan-Yu Chen , Yi-Cheng Lin , Po-Chung Hsieh , Huang-Cheng Chou , Chih-Fan Hsu , Jeng-Lin Li , Hung-yi Lee , Jian-Jiun Ding

Text-To-Image (TTI) Diffusion Models such as DALL-E and Stable Diffusion are capable of generating images from text prompts. However, they have been shown to perpetuate gender stereotypes. These models process data internally in multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Abhishek Mandal , Susan Leavy , Suzanne Little

Text-to-image (T2I) generative models can create vivid, realistic images from textual descriptions. As these models proliferate, they expose new concerns about their ability to represent diverse demographic groups, propagate stereotypes,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Sangwon Jung , Alex Oesterling , Claudio Mayrink Verdun , Sajani Vithana , Taesup Moon , Flavio P. Calmon

Diffusion models have emerged as a dominant paradigm for generative modeling across a wide range of domains, including prompt-conditional generation. The vast majority of samplers, however, rely on forward discretization of the reverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhenghan Fang , Jian Zheng , Qiaozi Gao , Xiaofeng Gao , Jeremias Sulam