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Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) perform strongly on natural images, yet their ability to understand discrete visual symbols remains unclear. We present a multi-domain benchmark spanning language, culture, mathematics, physics and…

Articulation modeling enables robots to learn joint parameters of articulated objects for effective manipulation which can then be used downstream for skill learning or planning. Existing approaches often rely on prior knowledge about the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Anmol Gupta , Weiwei Gu , Omkar Patil , Jun Ki Lee , Nakul Gopalan

Pretrained large language models (LLMs) can work as high-level robotic planners by reasoning over abstract task descriptions and natural language instructions, etc. However, they have shown a lack of knowledge and effectiveness in planning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Wanming Yu , Adrian Röfer , Abhinav Valada , Sethu Vijayakumar

We are increasingly surrounded by artificially intelligent technology that takes decisions and executes actions on our behalf. This creates a pressing need for general means to communicate with, instruct and guide artificial agents, with…

Common ground plays a critical role in situated spoken dialogs, where interlocutors must establish and maintain shared references to entities, events, and relations to sustain coherent interaction in a shared space and over time. With the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Biswesh Mohapatra , Théo Charlot , Giovanni Duca , Mayank Palan , Laurent Romary , Justine Cassell

Recent advances in data-driven models for grounded language understanding have enabled robots to interpret increasingly complex instructions. Two fundamental limitations of these methods are that most require a full model of the environment…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Siddharth Patki , Ethan Fahnestock , Thomas M. Howard , Matthew R. Walter

Successful and effective communication between humans and AI relies on a shared experience of the world. By training solely on written text, current language models (LMs) miss the grounded experience of humans in the real-world -- their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Ruibo Liu , Jason Wei , Shixiang Shane Gu , Te-Yen Wu , Soroush Vosoughi , Claire Cui , Denny Zhou , Andrew M. Dai

To aid humans in everyday tasks, robots need to know which objects exist in the scene, where they are, and how to grasp and manipulate them in different situations. Therefore, object recognition and grasping are two key functionalities for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Hamidreza Kasaei , Sha Luo , Remo Sasso , Mohammadreza Kasaei

Mixed Reality (MR) has recently shown great success as an intuitive interface for enabling end-users to teach robots. Related works have used MR interfaces to communicate robot intents and beliefs to a co-located human, as well as developed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Eric Rosen , Sreehari Rammohan , Devesh Jha

Understanding and manipulating articulated objects, such as doors and drawers, is crucial for robots operating in human environments. We wish to develop a system that can learn to articulate novel objects with no prior interaction, after…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Harry Zhang , Ben Eisner , David Held

Understanding how humans conceptualize and categorize natural objects offers critical insights into perception and cognition. With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), a key question arises: can these models develop human-like object…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Changde Du , Kaicheng Fu , Bincheng Wen , Yi Sun , Jie Peng , Wei Wei , Ying Gao , Shengpei Wang , Chuncheng Zhang , Jinpeng Li , Shuang Qiu , Le Chang , Huiguang He

To enable general-purpose robots, we will require the robot to operate daily articulated objects as humans do. Current robot manipulation has heavily relied on using a parallel gripper, which restricts the robot to a limited set of objects.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Chen Bao , Helin Xu , Yuzhe Qin , Xiaolong Wang

Visual Dialog requires an agent to engage in a conversation with humans grounded in an image. Many studies on Visual Dialog focus on the understanding of the dialog history or the content of an image, while a considerable amount of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Shunyu Zhang , Xiaoze Jiang , Zequn Yang , Tao Wan , Zengchang Qin

Layered architectures have been widely used in robot systems. The majority of them implement planning and execution functions in separate layers. However, there still lacks a straightforward way to transit high-level tasks in the planning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Yue Cao , C. S. George Lee

Socially competent robots should be equipped with the ability to perceive the world that surrounds them and communicate about it in a human-like manner. Representative skills that exhibit such ability include generating image descriptions…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Ting Han , Sina Zarrieß

Objects are a centerpiece of the mathematical realm and our interaction with and reasoning about it, just as they are of the physical one (if not more). And humans' mathematical reasoning must ultimately be grounded in our general…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Aviv Keren

Two major areas of interest in the era of Large Language Models regard questions of what do LLMs know, and if and how they may be able to reason (or rather, approximately reason). Since to date these lines of work progressed largely in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 D. Panas , S. Seth , V. Belle

A robot's ability to understand or ground natural language instructions is fundamentally tied to its knowledge about the surrounding world. We present an approach to grounding natural language utterances in the context of factual…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-11-19 Rohan Paul , Andrei Barbu , Sue Felshin , Boris Katz , Nicholas Roy

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) exhibit remarkable common-sense and semantic reasoning capabilities. However, they lack a grounded understanding of physical dynamics. This limitation arises from training VLMs on static internet-scale…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Haowen Liu , Shaoxiong Yao , Haonan Chen , Jiawei Gao , Jiayuan Mao , Jia-Bin Huang , Yilun Du