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Governing artificial intelligence (AI) inventions is a major policy concern, yet definitions and measurement remain contested. We compare four patent-based approaches reflecting distinct understandings of AI. Using US patents (1990-2019),…

General Economics · Economics 2025-07-16 Kerstin Hötte , Taheya Tarannum , Vilhelm Verendel , Lauren Bennett

Generative AI is a technology which depends in part on participation by humans in training and improving the automation potential. We focus on the development of an "AI twin" that could complement its creator's efforts, enabling them to…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-09-11 Catherine Wu , Arun Sundararajan

A growing body of empirical research suggests that generative AI narrows performance gaps between novice and expert workers on routine tasks--the so-called "equalizer" effect. This paper challenges the generality of that conclusion. Drawing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Tao An

Can machines think? This is a central question in artificial intelligence research. However, there is a substantial divergence of views on the answer to this question. Why do people have such significant differences of opinion, even when…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Xi Cun , Jifan Ren , Asha Huang , Siyu Li , Ruzhen Song

Large language models possess remarkable capacity for processing language, but it remains unclear whether these models can further generate creative content. The present study aims to investigate the creative thinking of large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Honghua Chen , Nai Ding

Following the widespread adoption of ChatGPT in early 2023, numerous studies reported that large language models (LLMs) can match or even surpass human performance in creative tasks. However, it remains unclear whether LLMs have become more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Jennifer Haase , Paul H. P. Hanel , Sebastian Pokutta

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) encounters limitations in efficiency and fairness within the realm of Procedural Content Generation (PCG) when human creators solely drive and bear responsibility for the generative process.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Zhiyu Lin , Upol Ehsan , Rohan Agarwal , Samihan Dani , Vidushi Vashishth , Mark Riedl

Design optimizations in human-AI collaboration often focus on cognitive aspects like attention and task load. Drawing on work design literature, we propose that effective human-AI collaboration requires broader consideration of human needs…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Cedric Faas , Richard Bergs , Sarah Sterz , Markus Langer , Anna Maria Feit

With the growing prevalence of generative artificial intelligence (AI), an increasing amount of content is no longer exclusively generated by humans but by generative AI models with human guidance. This shift presents notable challenges for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Yueqi Xie , Tao Qi , Jingwei Yi , Xiyuan Yang , Ryan Whalen , Junming Huang , Qian Ding , Yu Xie , Xing Xie , Fangzhao Wu

Recent neural language models have taken a significant step forward in producing remarkably controllable, fluent, and grammatical text. Although studies have found that AI-generated text is not distinguishable from human-written text for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Yongqiang Ma , Jiawei Liu , Fan Yi , Qikai Cheng , Yong Huang , Wei Lu , Xiaozhong Liu

Human-AI co-creativity involves humans and AI collaborating on a shared creative product as partners. In a creative collaboration, communication is an essential component among collaborators. In many existing co-creative systems users can…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Jeba Rezwana , Mary Lou Maher

The true potential of human-AI collaboration lies in exploiting the complementary capabilities of humans and AI to achieve a joint performance superior to that of the individual AI or human, i.e., to achieve complementary team performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Max Schemmer , Andrea Bartos , Philipp Spitzer , Patrick Hemmer , Niklas Kühl , Jonas Liebschner , Gerhard Satzger

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to significantly enhance human performance across various domains. Ideally, collaboration between humans and AI should result in complementary team performance (CTP) -- a level of performance…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Patrick Hemmer , Max Schemmer , Niklas Kühl , Michael Vössing , Gerhard Satzger

Recent advancements in generative artificial intelligence (generative AI) technologies have transformed the computer science discipline of natural language processing. However, generative AI retains the anthropomorphic model of simulating…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Dejan Grba , Vladimir Todorović

Artificial intelligence has advanced rapidly across perception, language, reasoning, and multimodal domains. Yet despite these achievements, modern AI systems remain fundamentally limited in their ability to self-monitor, self-correct, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Noorbakhsh Amiri Golilarz , Sindhuja Penchala , Shahram Rahimi

Generative AI models like GPT-4o and DALL-E 3 are reshaping digital content creation, offering industries tools to generate diverse and sophisticated text and images with remarkable creativity and efficiency. This paper examines both the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Atahan Karagoz

Generative AI (GenAI) has spurred the expectation of being creative, due to its ability to generate content, yet so far, its creativity has somewhat disappointed, because it is trained using existing data following human intentions to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Ming-Hui Huang , Roland T. Rust

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems have historically been used as tools that execute narrowly defined tasks. Yet recent advances in AI have unlocked possibilities for a new class of models that genuinely collaborate with humans in complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Kerem Oktar , Katherine M. Collins , Jose Hernandez-Orallo , Diane Coyle , Stephen Cave , Adrian Weller , Ilia Sucholutsky

Artificial intelligence (AI) is interacting with people at an unprecedented scale, offering new avenues for immense positive impact, but also raising widespread concerns around the potential for individual and societal harm. Today, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Andrea Bajcsy , Jaime F. Fisac

The main drawback of using generative AI models for advanced mathematics is that these models are not primarily logical reasoning engines. However, Large Language Models, and their refinements, can pick up on patterns in higher mathematics…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Lisa Carbone